Teaching by Principles An Interactive Approach to Language

Teaching by Principles: An Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy H. D. Brown 美国旧金山大学语言学院院长 《根据原理教学: 交互式语言教学(第三版)》 (第四版已出)

Principles for Teaching Listening Skills 1. Include a focus on listening in an integrated-skills course. 2. Use techniques that are intrinsically motivating. 3. Utilize authentic language and contexts. 4. Carefully consider the form of listeners' responses. 5. Encourage the development of listening strategies. 6. Include both bottom-up and top-down listening techniques.

Principles for Teaching Speaking Skills 1. Focus on both fluency and accuracy, depending your objective. 2. Provide intrinsically motivating techniques. 3. Encourage the use of authentic language in meaningful contexts. 4. Provide appropriate feedback and correction. 5. Capitalize on the natural link between speaking and listening. 6. Give students opportunities to initiate oral communication. 7. Encourage the development of speaking strategies.

Principles for Teaching Reading Skills 1. In an integrated course, don't overlook a specific focus on reading skills. 2. Use techniques that are 3. Balance intrinsically motivating. authenticity and readability in choosing texts. 4. Encourage the development of reading strategies. 5. Include both bottom-up and top-down techniques. 6. Follow the "SQ 3 R" sequence. 7. Plan on pre-reading, during-reading, and after-reading phases. 8. Build in some evaluative aspect to your techniques.

Principles for Teaching Writing Skills 1. Incorporate practices of "good" writers. 2. Balance process and product. 3. Account for cultural/literary backgrounds. 4. Connect reading and writing. 5. Provide as much authentic writing as possible. 6. Frame your techniques in terms of prewriting, drafting, and revising stages. 7. Strive to offer techniques that are as interactive as possible. 8. Sensitively apply methods of responding to and correcting your students' writing. 9. Clearly instruct students on the rhetorical, formal conventions of writing.

Key Points： *Meaningful *Authentic *Motivation *Interaction *Strategy

Meaningful learning will lead toward better long-term retention than rote learning.

Authentic *Material: *Task:

( Intrinsic) Motivation Extrinsic motivations ：arise from outside of the individual and often involve rewards Intrinsic motivations：arise from within the individual

Interaction Teaching by Principles: An Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy How ? *H. D. Brown’s: games，role play, drama, project, interview, brainstorming, information gap, jigsaw activities, problem solving and decision making, opinion exchange, etc. *What we have done:

(Learning) Strategies Such as: • Comprehension strategies • Memory strategies • Production strategies • Communication strategies *Also：Rebecca oxford在language learning strategies中将学 习策略分为： * 1. 记忆策略 * 2. 认知策略 * 3. 补偿策略 * 4. 元认知策略 * 5. 情感管理策略 * 6. 社交策略 ……