Teachers Notes 31122021 Fuel Starter Wood Shavings Scrap

Teacher’s Notes 31/12/2021 • Fuel Starter: - Wood Shavings, Scrap pieces of paper. • Post it notes, Poster Paper • Comparing fuels: – Per group: two spirit burners labelled A and B, boiling tubes, a 10 cm 3 measuring cylinder, a thermometer, a clamp stand a stop clock. Fuel A is ethanol and fuel B is paraffin. – Graph Paper • Extension: - Food Energy – Per group: - Food Samples: - Crisps, walnuts, corn flakes, food burning clips (wooden base with spikes),

31/12/2021

Connector 31/12/2021 1. Name three different types of Energies. 2. What is Energy measured in? 3. What three things do we need in order for Combustion to occur?

Fuels Alight Lesson Outcomes 31/12/2021 Key Words: - Chemical Energy, Control Variable, Independent Variable, Dependent Variable, Risk. • To be able to explain what makes a good fuel and design an experiment to measure it with an appropriate risk assessment • To be able to design a reliable and valid experiment checking for systematic and random errors. • To be able to present the results in an appropriate manner and to form a conclusion from the results.

What makes a good fuel? 31/12/2021 • Demo burning of three different types of fuels: – Wood Shavings, – Small pieces of paper, – Bunsen burner • Discuss which fuel is best? What makes a good fuel? • How could you find out which fuel is best?

31/12/2021 Today we will plan and carry out an experiment to test which fuel is best. .

Fuel Experiment Demo 31/12/2021 • Demonstrate the two fuels burning inside a spirit burner. • Go through the different safety aspects involved. Students to write up an appropriate Risk Assessment (using writing frames). • Students plan the variables involved in the experiment. .

Comparing Fuels Experiment 31/12/2021 • Aim: - To be able to design and carry out an experiment to test which fuel is best.

What is a Variable in an experiment? 31/12/2021 • A variable is something we can change in an experiment. • On your post it notes write down as many different variables with this experiment as you can think of. • On your poster draw the table below: Types of Variables Variable name Independent Variable Dependent Variable Control Variable • Arrange your post it notes in the table.

Fuels Alight Lesson Outcomes 31/12/2021 Key Words: - Chemical Energy, Control Variable, Independent Variable, Dependent Variable, Risk. • To be able to explain what makes a good fuel and design an experiment to measure it with an appropriate risk assessment • To be able to design a repeatable and valid experiment checking for systematic and random errors. • To be able to present the results in an appropriate manner and to form a conclusion from the results.

How can we ensure our experiment is repeatable and valid? 31/12/2021 • Repeatability: • To ensure an experiment is repeatable you should repeat the experiment at least 3 times ensuring your results are similar each time. • Validity: • We can ensure our experiment is Valid by ensuring we only change the IV in the experiment and that all other variables are kept constant.

Results Table • Using your variables draw an appropriate Results table. • Remember that IV always go on the left hand side and DV on the right hand side. Types of Variables Independent Variable Dependent Variable Control Variable 31/12/2021 Variable name

Reading 1 Type of Fuel Results Table Initial Temperature of Water (°C) Final Temperature of Water (°C) Change in Temperature (°C) Initial Temperature of Water (°C) Final Temperature of Water (°C) Change in Temperature A B Reading 2 Type of Fuel A B Reading 3 Type of Fuel A B 31/12/2021 Can you spot any errors? Do all your repeated results look similar? If not you should repeat any that don’t.

Equipment • • Boiling tubes 2 Holder Water Thermometer Fuel Safety goggles Stopwatch Heat proof mat 31/12/2021

Average Results 31/12/2021 • Add up your 3 readings for Change in Temperature and divide by 3. Type of Fuel Average increase in temperature (°C) • Draw an appropriate graph to show your results. • Remember if both your variables (IV and DV) are numbers then you should draw a line graph otherwise draw a bar graph.

Criteria for graph levels • • Labelled axis Written units Lines in pencil Used at least 2/3 rd of the graph Neat columns Range is good Title written 31/12/2021

Fuels Alight Lesson Outcomes 31/12/2021 Key Words: - Chemical Energy, Control Variable, Independent Variable, Dependent Variable, Risk. • To be able to explain what makes a good fuel and design an experiment to measure it with an appropriate risk assessment • To be able to design a repeatable and valid experiment checking for systematic and random errors. • To be able to present the results in an appropriate manner and to form a conclusion from the results.

Conclusion • • 31/12/2021 Form an appropriate conclusion. Which fuel was best? How did you know? Refer to your graph to form an example.

Extension • Repeat the experiment for testing which food has most energy: – Crisps – Corn Flakes – Walnuts – Video 31/12/2021

Fuels Alight Lesson Outcomes 31/12/2021 Key Words: - Chemical Energy, Control Variable, Independent Variable, Dependent Variable, Risk. • To be able to explain what makes a good fuel and design an experiment to measure it with an appropriate risk assessment • To be able to design a repeatable and valid experiment checking for systematic and random errors. • To be able to present the results in an appropriate manner and to form a conclusion from the results.