Teachers Discovering Computers Integrating Technology in the Classroom

Teachers Discovering Computers Integrating Technology in the Classroom 3 rd Edition Chapter 2 Communications, Networks, the Internet, and the World Wide Web

CHAPTER 2 OBJECTIVES b Define communications b Identify the basic components of a communications system b Describe how and why network computers are used in schools and school districts b Explain how the Internet works 2

CHAPTER 2 OBJECTIVES b Describe the World Wide Web portion of the Internet b Explain how Web documents are linked to one another b Explain the use of Web browser software b Explain how to use a Web search tool to find information 3

CHAPTER 2 OBJECTIVES Identify several types of multimedia products available on the Web b Explain how Internet services such as email, newsgroups, chat rooms, and instant messaging work b Describe the educational implications of the Internet and the World Wide Web b Describe different ways to connect to the Internet and the World Wide Web b 4

WHAT IS COMMUNICATIONS? b. A process in which two or more computers or devices transfer data, instructions, and information b Sometimes called telecommunications 5

WHAT IS COMMUNICATIONS? b b b b Electronic mail (e-mail) Voice mail Fax (facsimile) Telecommuting Online services Videoconferencing Internet World Wide Web 6

COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS b Basic communications system • Two computers, one to send and one to receive data • Communications devices that send and receive data • A communications channel over which data is sent 7

A COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM 8

COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS b Communications channel • Transmissions media – Twisted-pair cable 9

COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS • Digital vs. analog signals – Modem – External modem – Internal modem – Network interface cards 10

COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS b Local Area Networks (LAN) • Covers limited geographical area • Server manages resources b Wide Area Networks (WAN) • Covers large geographical area • Can consist of several LANs 11

COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS b Home Networks • Connects multiple computers in your home • Share Internet access and resources 12

NETWORKING THE CLASSROOM, SCHOOL, AND DISTRICT b School network server b Example classroom • Three Macintosh computers • Printer 13

NETWORKING THE CLASSROOM, SCHOOL, AND DISTRICT b Example school network • Classrooms • Administration • Computer lab b Example school district • Central office • Various schools 14

SCHOOL’S LOCAL AREA NETWORK 15

DISTRICT’S WIDE AREA NETWORK 16

WIRELESS SCHOOLS AND CLASSROOMS b Keep in touch with family and friends from anywhere • • b Smart pagers Cellular telephones Handheld computers Notebook computers Wireless technology brings the computer lab to students 17

HIGH SPEED OR BROADBAND ACCESS b Government works to provide high speed Internet access to classrooms b Broadband technology transmits signals at much faster speeds 18

THE BENEFITS OF COMPUTER NETWORKS IN EDUCATION b b b Sharing of computer hardware, software, and data resources Unlimited educational resources Communicate with other educators and students 19

WHAT IS THE INTERNET? b Worldwide group of connected networks that allow public access to information and services b No single organization owns or controls b Estimated 500 million users b Variety of uses 20

The world’s largest network is the Internet, which is a worldwide collection of networks that link together millions of businesses, governments, educational institutions, and individuals. 21

HISTORY OF THE INTERNET b Started as a network of four computers at in both California and Utah in 1969 b Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) - ARPANET b More than 35 million computers today b Backbone first provided by National Science Foundation (NSF) - NSFnet 22

HISTORY OF THE INTERNET 23

HISTORY OF THE INTERNET Backbone now provided by variety of corporations b Various organizations help define standards b Internet 2 (I 2) b • Extremely high-speed network • Develop and test latest Internet technologies • Members include over 190 universities in the United States, along with 60 companies and the United States government 24

HOW THE INTERNET WORKS b Data is divided into packets b Routers send packets across the Internet b Packet switching b Transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP) is the communications protocol used by the Internet 25

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HOW THE INTERNET WORKS b Internet Service Providers versus Online Service Providers • Have permanent connections to the Internet • Provide temporary connections to individuals and companies for a fee • Local and national ISPs • Online service providers offer members only areas 27

HOW THE INTERNET WORKS b Connecting to the Internet • Business or school network connected to the Internet • Dial-up access • ISDN • Cable TV (CATV) • Digital subscriber line (DSL) 28

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HOW THE INTERNET WORKS b The Internet Backbone • Acts as a highway • Local ISPs connect through leased lines to national ISPs 30

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HOW THE INTERNET WORKS b Internet Addresses • Numeric addresses • Domain name – Domain type abbreviations – Country code abbreviations 32

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THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW) b Started in the early 1990 s b Hyperlinks b Uniform Resource Locator (URL) b Hypertext transfer protocol 34

THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW) 35

THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW) b How a Web Page Works • Hypertext • Hyperlinks – Target – Relative – Absolute 36

THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW) • • • Discovery learning Web Surfing Webmaster Hypertext markup language (HTML) Web publishing 37

THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW) b Web Browser Software • Interprets HTML and displays Web pages and enables you to link to other Web pages and Web sites 38

THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW) b Web Browser Software • Mosaic • Netscape Navigator • Microsoft Internet Explorer 39

THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW) b Searching for Information on the Web • Directory maintained by a search engine company • Helps find information on the Web • Search engine • Subject directory 40

THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW) b Multimedia on the Web • Web pages incorporate graphics, animation, audio, video, and virtual reality • Plug-ins 41

THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW) b Multimedia on the Web • Graphics – Used to enhance text-based Internet 42

THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW) b Multimedia on the Web • Graphics – Graphics formats 43

THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW) b Multimedia on the Web • Graphics – Thumbnails 44

THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW) b Multimedia on the Web • Animation – Marquees – Animated GIFs 45

THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW) b Multimedia on the Web • Audio – MP 3 format – MP 3 player – Streaming audio – Real. Audio 46

THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW) b Multimedia on the Web • Video – Streaming video – Real. Video 47

THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW) b Multimedia on the Web • Virtual Reality – Simulation of real or imagined environment that appears as a threedimensional (3 -D) space – VR worlds 48

This instructional Web site uses VR to teach biology students 49 about cells and body tissues.

OTHER INTERNET SERVICES b E-mail • Primary communication method for both personal and business use • E-mail programs – Mailbox – Mail server • E-mail address – User name 50

OTHER INTERNET SERVICES b FTP (file transfer protocol) • FTP sites and servers • Allows file downloads and uploads • Anonymous FTP • FTP programs 51

OTHER INTERNET SERVICES b Newsgroups and Message Boards • Newsgroup – online area in which users conduct written discussions about a particular subject – Usenet • • • News server News reader Article Posting Threaded discussion 52

OTHER INTERNET SERVICES b Newsgroups and Message Boards • Message Boards – easier to use than newsgroups 53

OTHER INTERNET SERVICES b Mailing Lists • Group of e-mail names and addresses given a single name • Subscribing and unsubscribing • LISTSERVs 54

OTHER INTERNET SERVICES b Chat Rooms • Real-time conversation • Chat rooms • Chat clients – IRC (Internet relay chat) – Microsoft Chat 55

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OTHER INTERNET SERVICES b Instant Messaging • See when one or more people are online • Exchange messages and files • Join a private chat room b Short Message Service (SMS) • Send and receive text messages from Webenabled devices 57

NETIQUETTE b Internet etiquette • The code of acceptable behaviors users should follow while on the Internet 58

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INTERNET SECURITY b Firewall b Filtering software b Acceptable Use Policy (AUP) 60

THE IMPACT OF THE INTERNET AND THE WORLD WIDE WEB ON EDUCATION b The Web is the Gutenberg press of modern times b Collaboration with other teachers and students • e. PALS b New instructional strategies 61

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THE FUTURE OF THE INTERNET AND THE WORLD WIDE WEB Will connect 80 percent of the world’s computers in a few years b More than a billion wireless communication devices will be in use by the middle of the decade b All K-12 teachers will have access to the Internet in their classrooms b Wireless technology will become commonplace in K-12 education b 63

THE FUTURE OF THE INTERNET AND THE WORLD WIDE WEB b Everyday appliances with embedded computers will have Internet access b More intelligent and focused Web search capabilities b 100 to 1, 000 times faster in a few years b Business will continue to be the driving force 64

THE FUTURE OF THE INTERNET AND THE WORLD WIDE WEB b Increased access speeds and greater availability will allow teachers and students to view thousands of videos b The Web will become an integral part of all education and will revolutionize the way students learn core subjects 65

CHAPTER SUMMARY b Define communications b Identify the basic components of a communications system b Describe how and why network computers are used in schools and school districts b Explain how the Internet works 66

CHAPTER SUMMARY b Describe the World Wide Web portion of the Internet b Specify how Web documents are linked to one another b Explain the use of browser software b Explain how to use a Web search tool to find information 67

CHAPTER SUMMARY Identify several types of multimedia products available on the Web b Explain how Internet services, such as email, newsgroups, chat rooms, and instant messaging work b Describe the educational implications of the Internet and the World Wide Web b Describe how to connect to the Internet and the World Wide Web b 68

Teachers Discovering Computers Integrating Technology in the Classroom 3 rd Edition Chapter 2 Complete

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An extensive, current list of Web sites in various categories can be found at: http: //www. scsite. com/tdc 3 Click the Special Feature, Guide to WWW Sites link on the left sidebar 71

USING A SUBJECT DIRECTORY b Provides categorized lists of links b Arranged by subjects b This example will show you how to find information on Mark Twain’s childhood 72

USING A SUBJECT DIRECTORY Start your browser and enter the URL www. yahoo. com in the Address box. When the Yahoo! home page appears, point to the Literature link below Arts & Humanities. You point to Literature because that is the category in which Mark Twain made his contributions. 73

USING A SUBJECT DIRECTORY Click Literature. When the Literature page appears, point to the Authors link. You point to Authors because Mark Twain was an author. Each time you click a category link, you move closer to the topic. 74

USING A SUBJECT DIRECTORY Click Authors. When the Authors page appears, scroll down and point to the letter T in the alphabetical site listings. (You can also find information about Mark Twain by clicking the Literary Fiction link. ) 75

USING A SUBJECT DIRECTORY Click the letter T. The browser window displays an alphabetical listing of authors whose last names begin with T, as well as other author-related organizations that begin with T. Scroll down and then point to the Twain, Mark (1835 -1910) link. 76

USING A SUBJECT DIRECTORY Click Twain, Mark (18351910). When the page appears, scroll down and then point to the Mark Twain Papers & Project link. 77

USING A SUBJECT DIRECTORY Click the Mark Twain Papers & Projects link. When the page appears, click the links one at a time. Use the browser’s Back button to Return to The Mark Twain Papers & Project page after viewing the page associated with each link. 78

USING A SEARCH ENGINE b Search many Web sites for information you are seeking b Carefully craft your keywords to limit the search b This example uses the Google search engine to search for the phrase, mark twain papers 79

USING A SEARCH ENGINE Start your browser and then enter the URL http: //www. google. com in the Address box. When the Google home page appears, type mark twain papers in the Search text box and then point to the Google Search button. 80

USING A SEARCH ENGINE Click the Google Search button. When the results of the search appear, scroll through the links and read the descriptions. Point to the Mark Twain Papers & Project link. 81

USING A SEARCH ENGINE • Click the Mark Twain Papers & Project link. A Web page appears that contains extensive information about the collected original documents by and about Mark Twain 82

LIMITING THE SEARCH 83

GUIDELINES TO SUCCESSFUL SEARCHING b Use nouns as keywords, and put the most important terms first in your keyword b Use the asterisk (*) to find plurals of words b Type keywords in lowercase to find both lowercase and uppercase variations 84

GUIDELINES TO SUCCESSFUL SEARCHING b Use quotation marks to create phrases so the search engine finds the exact sequence of words b Use a hyphen alternative • E-mail or email b Limit the search by language b Use uppercase characters for Boolean operators 85

GUIDELINES TO SUCCESSFUL SEARCHING b Before you use a search engine, read its Help b The Internet contains many search engines. If your search is unsuccessful with one search engine, try another 86

POPULAR SEARCH SITES b Google • google. com b All. The. Web • alltheweb. com b Yahoo! • yahoo. com b MSN Search • search. msn. com b AOL Search • search. aol. com 87

POPULAR PORTALS b Ask Jeeves • askjeeves. com b Hot. Bot • hotbot. com b Lycos • lycos. com b Look. Smart • looksmart. com b Alta. Vista • altavista. com 88

POPULAR PORTALS b Netscape Search • search. netscape. com b Overture • overture. com b Info. Space • infospace. com 89

POPULAR EDUCATION SEARCH TOOLS b Ask Jeeves for Kids • ajkids. com b Awesome Library • awesomelibrary. org b Ben’s Guide to U. S. Government for Kids • bensguide. gpo. gov b Blue Web’N • www. kn. pacbell. com/wired/bluewebn b Busy Teachers’ Web Site K-12 • www. ceismc. gatech. edu/busyt 90

POPULAR EDUCATION SEARCH TOOLS b Education Index • educationindex. com b Education World • www. education-world. com b Edu. Hound • www. eduhound. com b em. Tech • www. emtech. net b First. Gov for Kids • kids. gov 91

POPULAR EDUCATION SEARCH TOOLS b Great Web Sites for Kids • www. ala. org/alsc/children_links. html b Kathy Schrock’s Guide for Educators • school. discovery. com/schrockguide b Kids. Click! • sunsite. berkeley. edu/Kids. Click! b Kid’s Search Tools • www. rcls. org/ksearch. htm b Learning Page • learningpage. com 92

POPULAR EDUCATION SEARCH TOOLS b Sites for Teachers • www. sitesforteachers. com b STEM-NET Theme Pages for Elementary Students and Teachers • www. stemnet. nf. ca/CUTE/themes. html b The Gateway to Educational Materials (GEM) • www. thegateway. org b Tek. Mom’s Search Tools for Students • tekmom. com/search b Yahooligans • www. yahooligans. com 93