Teacher Education during the colonial rule establishment of

Teacher Education during the colonial rule: establishment of Normal schools for primary school teachers in Punjab in nineteenth century Sarabjeet Kaur Research Scholar Zakir Husain Centre for Educational Studies, SSS-II Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi- 110067

The courses in Normal school Province Grade of certificate Punjab Anglo-vernacular teacher’s certificate. Senior- First grade Second grade Junior-First grade Second grade Posts for which the certificate qualifies Head master, high school. Head master, middle school, or assistant, high department. As above Vernacular teacher’s certificate. Senior- First grade Second grade Junior- First grade Second grade Zaminindari certificate Head master, zaminidari school

Length of course, examinations and certificate provided at the end of the completion of the course Grade of institution Normal school or Lower Grade Institutions Preliminary Length of Examination Certificate educational course s qualifications Junior Vernacular Middle School examination One year Zamindari class Middle school examination One year At the end of Provisional course second grade junior vernacular certificate At the end of Zamindari course certificate

The subjects of study in Normal school Lower grade institutions and classes 1. Vernacular language Junior vernacular 2. Classical language 3. Mathematics 4. Geography 5. Agriculture 6. School management 7. Practice of teaching 1. Vernacular language Zamindari 2. Arithmetic 3. Agriculture 4. School management 5. Practice of teaching

Courses of practical training for the students of Normal schools Institution General practice in the model school Normal schools, Punjab Students give instruction in model school in rotation, each student taking the class for one hour daily during a week. The head master and second master superintend this work, each having two classes under his supervision, and they take one of the classes for a quarter of an hour before handing it over to the student. Criticism lessons Model lessons During half the year The head master criticism lessons are occasionally teaches a given daily to one or class from the model other of the classes. school in the presence Students teach and of the students. criticism in rotation, two or three students being appointed to criticize the lessons for each day. The head master sums up, and the students enter notes of the lesson in a book which is submitted to, and criticised by, the head master.