TEACHER AND STUDENT CENTERED STRATEGIES By Jon Jarvis
TEACHER AND STUDENT CENTERED STRATEGIES By: Jon Jarvis
Teacher Centered Strategies
PRESENTATION Is when a source tells, dramatizes, or otherwise disseminates information to learners.
PRESENTATION ADVANTAGES As an instructor you only have to present the information to the students once. There a number of different ways that students can take notes through presentation. There are many different resources you can use to help. Students can also present the information they have learned to the class.
PRESENTATION LIMITATIONS Not all students learn well from presentations, or take in information well through them. Presentations can potentially be boring and monotone. Some students may not know how to properly take notes causing difficulty with presentations. Presentations are not appropriate for all age groups.
DEMONSTRATION Learners observe a task or procedure to be learned.
DEMONSTRATION ADVANTAGES Many students benefit by seeing how something is done before performing it themselves. Teachers can guide an entire group to save time. Not many supplies will be needed for the class. As an instructor you have control over the demonstration, and that will keep students safe.
DEMONSTRATION LIMITATIONS Students do not get direct hands on learning. As in most situations in the classroom, some students may not get an equal view of the demonstration. Not all students can learn at the same level or be able to follow all the steps at the same speed.
DRILL-AND-PRACTICE Learners complete practice exercises to refresh or increase fluency in content knowledge and skills; this strategy is most commonly used with mathematics and language arts.
DILL-AND-PRACTICE ADVANTAGES Students receive immediate feedback on responses. Students can learn information better because it is presented in small chunks. There is built in practice in the small chunks of information.
DRILL-AND-PRACTICE LIMITATIONS Not all students respond well with use of repetition. Some students few the use of repetition boring. It is nonadaptive, if there are errors there is no way to change it.
TUTORIAL Involves learners working with an agent that presents the content, poses questions, requests learner’s responses, analyzes the responses, supplies appropriate feedback, and provides practice until the learner demonstrates a predetermined level of compentency.
TUTORIAL ADVANTAGES Students can work individually and receive feedback about their progress. Students are allowed to work at their own pace. After students have mastered a certain objective they are linked to the following objective.
TUTORIAL LIMITATIONS Tutorials are potentially boring to students. If students do not grasp knowledge quickly they might become frustrated. Without the presence of a teacher there can be a lack of guidance for the students.
STUDENT CENTERED STRATEGIES
DISCUSSION Exchange of ideas and opinions among students or among students and teachers.
DISCUSSION ADVANTAGES Discussions are often more interesting for students and teachers. Discussions can help challenge students to think critically. It provides an opportunity for all students to participate and feel included. New ideas can be introduced to students.
DISCUSSION LIMITATIONS Not all students will participate, so teachers have to make all students participate. Sometimes students can feel unchallenged by discussions. Some of the questions asked in discussions may be to difficult for students. It is important to realize that discussions are not for every age group.
COOPERATIVE LEARNING Is a grouping strategy in which students work together to assist each others learning.
COOPERATIVE LEARNING- ADVANTAGES It can mix the learning abilities of students to help others. Groups can either be formal or informal, whichever the teacher prefers. Long term groups might be developed creating learning opportunities for the future. Cooperative Learning can be used in all content area.
COOPERATIVE LEARNING LIMITATIONS Groups need to be small so that all students can participate. If cooperative learning is used a lot it can become overused. Groups levels may not be verified within the groups.
GAMES Provides a competitive environment in which learners follow prescribed rules as they strive to attain a challenging goal.
GAMES ADVANTAGES Students are quickly engaged in learning. Games can be adapted to match learning outcomes. Games can be used in a variety of classroom settings. Games tend to attract more attention from the students.
GAMES LIMITATIONS Games can become to competitive for some of the students. Less able students may find the games to be to fast or difficult. Some games can pose to be expensive, if you have to buy additional materials. Learning outcomes might be overlooked because of the interest in winning instead of learning.
SIMULATIONS Allows learners to confront a scaled-down version of a real life situation.
SIMULATION ADVANTAGES Provides a safe way to engage students in learning. Many be one of the only ways to recreate history ex: Roman History. Offers opportunities for hands on activities. Students of all abilities can be included in some way.
SIMULATION LIMITATIONS Simulations may not truly represent the actual event. Simulations may become too complex for the classroom setting. Simulations may require a large amount of classroom time.
DISCOVERY A strategy that uses an inductive, or inquiry, approach to learning that fosters a deeper understanding of the content through the learner’s involvement with it.
DISCOVERY ADVANTAGES Discovery is engaging for all students at every level. Can uses steps or procedures that have been previously taught. Discovery will allow students the feeling of being in control over their own learning.
DISCOVERY LIMITATIONS Discovery can become very time consuming. Teachers must think through all the possible issues that students might encounter. Can lead to misunderstandings about the content area for students.
PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING Students actively seek solutions to structured or ill-structured problems situated in the real world.
PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING ADVANTAGES Students can become engaged in real world learning experiences. Provides a great learning environment for students to work towards their goal. Problem-based learning can limit levels of complexity.
PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING LIMITATIONS Creating problems for learning can sometimes be difficult. Age and experience levels of students may require more control by the instructor. Creating and using problem solving lessons can be very time consuming.
WORKS CITED Smaldino, Sharon E. , Deborah L. Lowther, and James D. Russell. Instructional Technology and Media for Learning. Boston: Pearson, 2012. Print.
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