TEACH Lesson Plan Manual for Kinns The Medical

TEACH Lesson Plan Manual for Kinn’s The Medical Assistant: An Applied Learning Approach 12 th edition Chapter 6 Medicine and Ethics Copyright © 2014 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 1

Lesson 6. 1 Medicine and Ethics 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Define, spell, and pronounce the terms listed in the vocabulary. Differentiate between legal, ethical, and moral issues affecting healthcare. Compare personal, professional, and organizational ethics. Identify the effect personal ethics may have on professional performance. Recognize the role of patient advocacy in the practice of medical assisting. Explain rights and duties as related to ethics. List and define the four types of ethical problems. Discuss the process used to make an ethical decision. Copyright © 2014 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 2

Lesson 6. 1 Medicine and Ethics 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Detail the impact of the American Medical Association’s Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs (CEJA) on the ethical decisions made by healthcare professionals. Discuss several of the CEJA’s opinions and how they might differ from the views of the class as a whole. Explore the role of confidentiality as it applies to the medical assistant. Discuss the role of cultural, social, and ethnic diversity in ethical performance of medical assisting practice. Describe the way unique identifiers can help patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) avoid discrimination. Note some of the concerns about ethics that apply to genetic information. Copyright © 2014 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 3

Legal, Ethical, and Moral Issues Ethics––thoughts, judgments, and actions on issues that have implications of moral right and wrong Something that is legal is not necessarily ethical Copyright © 2014 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 4

Personal, Professional, and Organizational Ethics All contribute to the way the medical assistant approaches the patient Must not force your personal ethical beliefs on the patient or family members Organizations will offer ethical guidelines in the form of policies and procedures Copyright © 2014 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 5

Personal Ethics in the Profession Personal and professional ethics must be kept separate so that patients can make their own decisions regarding their healthcare Copyright © 2014 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 6

History of Ethics in Medicine Ethics are not etiquette Started by Babylonians Ø Code of Hammurabi Oath of Hippocrates Code of Medical Ethics Copyright © 2014 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 7

Who Decides What Is Ethical? You decide Short-term and long-term consequences Ethical dilemmas Copyright © 2014 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 8

AMA and CEJA Roles in Ethics AMA Code of Ethics Ø Ø Principles of medical ethics Fundamentals of patient-physician relationship Current opinions of CEJA Reports of CEJA Copyright © 2014 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 9

Rights and Duties Related to Ethics A duty is an obligation a person has or perceives himself or herself to have Rights are defined as claims a person or group makes on society, a group, or an individual Copyright © 2014 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10

Four Types of Ethical Problems (From Purtilo R: Ethical dimensions in the health professions, ed 4, Philadelphia, 2005, WB Saunders. ) Copyright © 2014 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 11

Making Ethical Decisions Understand elements of ethics Types of ethical problems Making good decisions Ø Form opinions on issues Copyright © 2014 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 12

Elements of Ethics Duty Nonmaleficence and beneficence Fidelity and veracity Justice Disposition Copyright © 2014 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 13

The Ethical Decision-Making Process Gather relevant information Identify type of problem Determine ethics approach Explore alternatives Complete action Copyright © 2014 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 14

Impact of CEJA on Healthcare Ethics American Medical Association’s Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs (CEJA) Physicians and other medical professionals are not bound to abide by these opinions Many of the medical professionals in our country tend to agree with the decisions made by the council Copyright © 2014 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 15

CEJA Current Opinions Abortion Abuse Allocation of health resources Artificial insemination/in vitro fertilization (IVF) Stem cell research Surrogate motherhood Genetic counseling Copyright © 2014 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 16

CEJA Current Opinions, cont’d Family and intimate partner violence Ethical responsibility to prevent error and harm Physician-assisted suicide Surrogate decision making Withholding/withdrawing life-prolonging treatment Quality of life Copyright © 2014 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 17

CEJA Current Opinions, cont’d Fees for medical services Organ donation Capital punishment Potential patients Withholding information from patients Healthcare fraud and abuse Copyright © 2014 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 18

CEJA Current Opinions, cont’d National health information technology Genetic information and criminal justice system Gifts to physician from industry Informed consent Interprofessional relationships Copyright © 2014 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 19

CEJA Current Opinions, cont’d Confidentiality and patient privacy Advertising Communicating with the media Physician obligation in emergency response Malevolent use of biomedical research Racial and ethnic healthcare disparities Copyright © 2014 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 20

CEJA Current Opinions, cont’d Diagnostic imaging on request Computers Fees and charges Fee splitting and contingent fees Insurance forms Waiver of insurance co-payments Copyright © 2014 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 21

CEJA Current Opinions, cont’d Professional courtesy Appointment changes Prescribing drugs and devices Professional and contractual relationships Physician ownership of a health facility Ghost surgery Copyright © 2014 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 22

CEJA Current Opinions, cont’d Discipline within medicine Physician health and wellness Substance abuse Unethical conduct by members of healthcare profession Copyright © 2014 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 23

Role of Cultural, Social, and Ethnic Diversity No disparities in medical care based on race or ethnic background are acceptable Patients are entitled to the same quality of care regardless of their race or ethnic background Physicians must take into account any language barriers that might hinder effective treatment of the patient Copyright © 2014 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 24

Ethical Issues: HIV Clinical trials Ø Ø Ø Volunteers needed Vaccinations could be dangerous Raises ethical questions Unique identifiers are code systems to maintain confidentiality of those tested Copyright © 2014 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 25

Ethics and The Human Genome Identify all genes in body Determine sequence of chemical base pairs Catalog information Privacy/confidentiality issues Ø Patient controls access • Fair use of information Copyright © 2014 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 26

Closing Comments Medical developments affecting patient care Honest appraisal of beliefs Ø Ø Environment and upbringing Beliefs must be our own Importance of confidentiality Copyright © 2014 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 27

Questions? Copyright © 2014 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 28