TBTAK MARMARA RESEARCH CENTER April 2004 GEBZETURKEY TBTAKMRC

TÜBİTAK MARMARA RESEARCH CENTER April 2004 GEBZE-TURKEY

TÜBİTAK-MRC TÜBİTAK THE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF TURKEY (TÜBİTAK) HAS BEEN FOUNDED IN ANKARA IN 1963 WITH THE AIM OF DEVELOPING, PROMOTING, PLANNING AND COORDINATING THE R&D ACTIVITIES IN THE FIELD OF POSITIVE SCIENCES, IN RESPECT OF THE PRIORITIES FOR TURKEY’S DEVELOPMENT. TÜBITAK OPERATES UNDER A SPECIAL FOUNDING ACT, PROVIDING IT FINANCIAL FLEXIBILITY AND PARTIAL ADMINISTRATIVE AUTONOMY, AND DIRECTLY REPORTS TO THE PRIME MINISTRY. SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES OF TÜBİTAK ARE CONDUCTED THROUGH ITS RESEARCH INSTITUTES. MARMARA RESEARCH CENTRE IN GEBZE IS THE OLDEST AND LARGEST RESEARCH ORGANISATION UNDER TÜBİTAK.

TÜBİTAK-MRC TÜBİTAK MARMARA RESEARCH CENTER FOUNDED IN 1972 OVER NEARLY 8 SQ KMs (2, 000 ACRES) BEAUTIFUL PIECE OF LAND ON THE NORTH SHORE OF İZMİT BAY, SETS A GOOD EXAMPLE OF CAMPUS TYPE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT. MRC’S LOCATION IN THE INDUSTRIAL HEART OF THE COUNTRY IS VERY APPROPRIATE CONSIDERING ITS MISSION OF CONTRIBUTING TO THE COMPETETIVENESS OFTURKISH INDUSTRY THROUGH RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT. NATIONAL METROLOGY INSTITUTE, THE NATIONAL ELECTRONICS AND CRYPTOLOGY INSTITUTE, RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR GENETIC ENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY AND TÜBİTAK-MRC TECHNOLOGY FREE ZONE (TEKSEB) & TECHNOPARK ARE ALSO LOCATED ON THE MARMARA RESEARCH CENTER CAMPUS.

TÜBİTAK-MRC TÜBİTAK ORGANISATION PRESIDENT OF TÜBITAK MRC BOARD OF DIRECTORS MRC PRESIDENT RESEARCH INSTITUTES ADMINISTRATION INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES VICE PRESIDENT ENERGY SYSTEMS. & ENVIORENMENT VICE PRESIDENT MATERIALS & CHEMICALS TECHNOLOGIES CONSULTANTS FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY FREE ZONE EARTH & MARINE SCIENCES CHANGE AND QUALITY MANAGEMENT

TÜBİTAK-MRC TÜBİTAK VISION TO BECOME ONE OF THE LEADING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CENTERS OF THE WORLD IN THE FIELD OF APPLIED RESEARCH. MISSION TO CONTRIBUTE TO INCREASING THE COMPETETIVE CAPACITY OF THE TURKISH INDUSTRY BY UTILIZING ITS RESEARCH CAPACITY IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY.

TÜBİTAK-MRC TÜBİTAK VALUES AND PRINCIPLES è HAVING NECESSSARY EXPERTISE AND UNIVERSAL SCIENTIFIC MORALS AND RESPONSIBILITIES ESSENTIAL FOR R & D WORK è BEING OPEN MINDED ABOUT CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENT IN TECHNOLOGY AND ADMINISTRATION IN ORDER TO BE A LEADER è ADHERING TO PRINCIPLES OF SECRECY è SHARING BASIC KNOWLEDGE GAINED THROUGH UTILISATION OF PUBLIC RESOURCES WITH THE COMMUNITY è PREVENTION OF SITUATIONS THAT WILL INHIBIT COMPETITION è RESPECTING ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS è RESPECTING INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS AND ALLOWING PROGRESS è TO HAVE RESPECT FOR NATURE AND NOT TO CAUSE ANY HARM TO THE ENVIRONMENT

TÜBİTAK-MRC TÜBİTAK GOALS è TO REACH 40 % AND 50 % SELF SUFFICIENCY RATES IN 2003 AND 2004 RESPECTIVELY è TO ACHIEVE A RESEARCH STAFF / TOTAL STAFF RATIO OF 65% BY END OF 2004 è TO BE ENGAGED IN AT LEAST 20 EU 6 TH FP BY END OF 2005 è TO INCREASE AND MAINTAIN CUSTOMER SATISFACTION LEVEL (> 80 %) è TO INCREASE AND MAINTAIN STAFF SATISFACTION LEVEL (> 80 %)

TRANSFORMATION / RESTRUCTURING PROCESS TÜBİTAK 1997 -1998 1999 >>>>>>2003 1998 -1999 2004

TÜBİTAK-MRC RESTRUCTURING TÜBİTAK by Means of THE IBRD FUNDED INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY PROJECT AIM: TO TRANSFORM THE ORGANISATION FROM “BASIC SCIENCE ORIENTED” INTO “APPLIED RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY” ORGANIZATION INVESTMENT A- HUMAN RESOURCES B- LABORATORY INFRASTRUCTURE C- INSTITUTION BUILDING PROCESSES D- TECHNOPARK AND TECHNOLOGY FREE ZONE

TÜBİTAK-MRC TÜBİTAK RESTRUCTURING by Means of THE IBRD FUNDED INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY PROJECT (1999 -2004) LABORATORY GOODS CIVIL WORKS (Technology Free Zone) TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND TRAINING (Technical and General Trainings, Assistance on Institutional Building Processes) TOTAL : 24. 4 M $ : 4. 7 M $ : 3. 9 M $ : 33. 0 M $

TÜBİTAK-MRC TÜBİTAK SPECIFIC INDICATORS OF ACHIEVEMENT 1999 to 2003 During the Implementation of IBRD Funded Industrial Technology Project (ITP)

TÜBİTAK-MRC TÜBİTAK SPECIFIC INDICATORS OF ACHIEVEMENT (1/14) SELF SUFFICIENCY % 57 60 49 50 40 32 40 30 30 20 39 35 Target Realization 23 13 16 10 0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

TÜBİTAK-MRC TÜBİTAK SPECIFIC INDICATORS OF ACHIEVEMENT (2/ 14) TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT - Performans Evaluation and Appraisal Program started in 2001 - ISO 9001: 200 O Certificate obtained in 2002 -ESERI, FSTRI, MCTRI Laboratories have been accredited - ISO 17025 - by DAP, GMBH (GERMANY) - ITRI AQAP 150 NATO Quality Assurance Certificate in 2003 - EMSRI Laboratories sarted Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) - MAM obtained National Quality Success Award in 2003

TÜBİTAK-MRC TÜBİTAK SPECIFIC INDICATORS OF ACHIEVEMENT (3/ 14) PERSONNEL STRUCTURE

TÜBİTAK-MRC TÜBİTAK SPECIFIC INDICATORS OF ACHIEVEMENT (4/ 14) Industrial Projects

TÜBİTAK-MRC TÜBİTAK SPECIFIC INDICATORS OF ACHIEVEMENT (5/ 14) Volume of Projects (1000 $)

TÜBİTAK SPECIFIC INDICATORS OF ACHIEVEMENT (6/ 14) Number of Industrial Services (Test & Analysis)

TÜBİTAK SPECIFIC INDICATORS OF ACHIEVEMENT (7/ 14) Industrial Income per Personnel ($)

TÜBİTAK SPECIFIC INDICATORS OF ACHIEVEMENT (8/ 14) Publications SCI Articles Technical Reports

TÜBİTAK SPECIFIC INDICATORS OF ACHIEVEMENT (9/ 14) Customer Satisfaction (%) Industrial Services Industrial Projects

TÜBİTAK SPECIFIC INDICATORS OF ACHIEVEMENT (10/ 14) Staff Satisfaction (%) Overall satisfaction Vision, Mission and Strategy

TÜBİTAK SPECIFIC INDICATORS OF ACHIEVEMENT (11/ 14) Staff Training (hours) Total training hours Training hours/person

TÜBİTAK SPECIFIC INDICATORS OF ACHIEVEMENT (12/ 14) Investment in Physical and Instrument Infrastructure FOTOS FROM LABS AND TKSEB

TÜBİTAK SPECIFIC INDICATORS OF ACHIEVEMENT (13/ 14) Investment in TECHNOLOGY FREE ZONE FOTOS FROM LABS AND TKSEB

TÜBİTAK SPECIFIC INDICATORS OF ACHIEVEMENT (14/ 14) Investment in Environment FOTOS FROM LABS AND TKSEB

INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY PROJECT - AIDED RESTRUCTURING / TRANSFORMATION PROCESS TÜBİTAK “LESSONS LEARNT” (1) EARLY STAGES 1. Set Clear “Vision, Mission and Goals” 2. Set “Achievable yet Challenging MT and LT Targets” 3. Ensure “Management Decisiveness and Determination” 4. Inform and Involve “Staff in Decision Making Process” 5. Conduct SWOT Analysis of the Organisation 6. Concentrate on “S & O”, Take Measures for “W & T” 7. Establish Means for “Change Management”, Get “Professional Help”, Plan for 5 W 8. Be “Patient , Understanding” but “not too Lenient”

INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY PROJECT - AIDED RESTRUCTURING / TRANSFORMATION PROCESS TÜBİTAK “LESSONS LEARNT” (2) ADVANCED STAGES 1. Maintain “Management Decisiveness and Determination” 2. Manage “Change”, Get “Professional Help”, Conduct “International Benchmarking” 3. Set and Monitor “Measurable Indicators of Achievement” 4. Coach , Train and fully Involve “Staff in Change Process” 5. Inform and Involve “Share Holders” 6. Establish “Contemporary MIS”, Ensure “Business Development and Streamlining” 7. Produce MT and LT Business Plans

INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY PROJECT - AIDED RESTRUCTURING / TRANSFORMATION PROCESS TÜBİTAK “LESSONS LEARNT” (3) ADVANCED STAGES 8. Invest in HR and Technical Infrastructure 9. Reevaluate “all units of organisation in terms of e/e”, Improve “Institution Building Processes” 10. Always aim for “High”, Set “New Targets” 11. Continuously Measure “Customer and Staff Satisfaction” 12. Utilize “Feedbacks” and “Improve Processes”

TÜBİTAK MARMARA RESEARCH CENTER (MAM) TODAY

TÜBİTAK-MRC TÜBİTAK PERSONNEL STRUCTURE %31 %5 %61 TOTAL: 675 %3

TÜBİTAK-MRC TÜBİTAK RESEARCHER PROFILE

TÜBİTAK-MRC TÜBİTAK QUALITY CERTIFICATES v. ISO 9001 : 2000 THE CERTIFICATE OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ALL THE INSTITUTES AND THE DEPARTMENTS OF MRC v. ISO 17025 THE ACREDITION CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE LABORATORIES ESERI, FSTRI, MCTRI v. GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICES (GLP) EMSRI v. AQAP 150 QUALITY CERTIFICATE ITRI v 2003 NATIONAL QUALITY OF ACHIEVEMENT AWARD

TÜBİTAK-MRC TÜBİTAK ACTIVITIES PROJECTS: m INDUSTRIAL m STRATEGIC INDUSTRIAL SERVICES: m TESTING m ANALYSIS m CERTIFICATION m CONSULTANCY m TRAINING SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS

TÜBİTAK-MRC TÜBİTAK INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION TNO FORCE INSTITUTE DTI ARGONNE NATIONAL LABORATORY NSF MASSACHUSETTS UNIVERSITY GENERAL ELECTRIC NAUKA FIAG LAVAL TEKNOPOLE WEISMAN INSTITUTE MONTPELLIER TEKNOPOLE FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JUELICH CNRS STS. CYRIL AND METHODIUS UNIVERSITY CSIRO (NETHERLANDS) (DENMARK) (USA) (UKRAINE) (RUSSIA) (CANADA) (ISRAEL) (FRANCE) (GERMANY) (FRANCE) (MACEDONIA) (INDIA)

TÜBİTAK-MRC TÜBİTAK RESEARCH INSTITUTES m m m EARTH & MARINE SCIENCES RESEARCH INSTITUTE (EMSRI) ENERGY SYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE (ESERI) FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE (FSTRI) INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE (ITRI) MATERIALS & CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE (MCTRI) & TECHNOLOGY FREE ZONE (TEKSEB)

EARTH & MARINE SCIENCES RESEARCH INSTITUTE TÜBİTAK WORK GROUPS & ACTIVITY FIELDS Ó SEISMOLOGY Ó MARINE GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS Ó REMOTE SENSING Ó EARTH CRUST DEFORMATIONS Ó MARINE POLLUTION & ECOTOXICOLOGY

EARTH & MARINE SCIENCES RESEARCH INSTITUTE TÜBİTAK WORK GROUPS & ACTIVITY FIELDS Ó SEISMOLOGY Ó MARINE GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS Ó REMOTE SENSING Ó EARTH CRUST DEFORMATIONS Ó MARINE POLLUTION & ECOTOXICOLOGY

EARTH & MARINE SCIENCES RESEARCH INSTITUTE TÜBİTAK SEISMOLOGY m m HIGH RESOLUTION SEISMOLOGY & SEISMOTECTONICS SEISMIC INSTRUMENTATION AND SITE EFFECT EVALUATION CONTROLLED SOURCE SEISMOLOGY & CRUSTAL STRUCTURE SEISMIC DATA PROCESSING, MODELING & INVERSION MARINE GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS m MARINE SEISMIC, SEA BOTTOM MAPPING & CLASSIFICATION m ACOUSTIC MEASUREMENTS TECHNIQUES m GEOLOGICAL/GEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES & MODELING REMOTE SENSING m GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS m THEMATIC MAPPING BY SATELLITES, REAL-TIME SATELLITE IMAGES

EARTH & MARINE SCIENCES RESEARCH INSTITUTE TÜBİTAK EARTH CRUST’S DEFORMATIONS m m GPS DATA ACQUISITION, PROCESSING & INTERPRETATION CONTINUOUS NETWORKS, CAMPAIGNS APPLICATIONS OF GPS TECHNIQUES ANALYSIS OF CRUSTAL-SCALE DEFORMATION MARINE POLLUTION & ECOTOXICOLOGY m POLLUTION & (BIO) MONITORING STUDIES m ECOTOXICOLOGY m PRIMARY PRODUCTION & LIMITING NUTRIENT STUDIES

ENERGY SYSTEMS & ENVIROMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE TÜBİTAK WORK GROUPS & ACTIVITY FIELDS ÓENERGY TECHNOLOGIES ÓENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES

ENERGY SYSTEMS & ENVIROMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE TÜBİTAK ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES; m PLATFORM & SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES m PLANT & PROCESS TECHNOLOGIES m FUEL TECHNOLOGIES m POWER ELECTRONICS

ENERGY SYSTEMS & ENVIROMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE TÜBİTAK ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES; m WATER & WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT m AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT m SOLID & HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT m ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE TÜBİTAK WORK GROUPS & ACTIVITY FIELDS Ó FOOD PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY Ó FOOD PRESERVATION & PACKAGING Ó FOOD MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY Ó NUTRITION Ó FOOD ANALYSES ÓQUALITY CONTROL

FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE TÜBİTAK INDUSTRIAL SERVICES m QUALITY CONTROL ANALYSIS IN FOODS m TROUBLE SHOOTING IN PRODUCTION, HYGIENIC CONTROL m APPLIED TRAINING m ESTABLISHMENT OF QUALITY SYSTEMS m ESTABLISHMENT OF QUALITY CONTROL LAB. m FUNGI FLORA COLLECTION CENTER m BAYRAMPAŞA MEGALAB FOOD ANALYSIS LAB.

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE TÜBİTAK WORK GROUPS & ACTIVITY FIELDS Ó ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS Ó MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS Ó SOFTWARE SYSTEMS

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE TÜBİTAK ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS; m m m m m SENSOR, THEIR INTEGRATION & DATA FUSION, MICROWAVE APPLICATION, INTEGRATED SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS, INTEGRATED CONTROL SYSTEM, RADARS & RADAR SIGNAL PROCESSING, ANTENNA DESIGN & WAVE PROPAGATION, MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS, ELECTROMAGNETIC PROBLEMS & SIMULATION TECHNOLOGIES, ROBOTIC & INDUSTRIAL CONTROL

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE TÜBİTAK MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS; m m m m MULTIMEDIA SIGNAL PROCESSING, VIDEO INDEXING, DATABASE SEARCH, HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION, INTELLIGENT INTERFACE DESIGN, ANIMATION, AUTOMATIC TARGET IDENTIFICATION, OBJECT RECOGNITION AND TRACKING SENSOR INTEGRATION, VIDEO/IMAGE COMPRESSION, 3 -D IMAGING, STOCASTIC MODELLING, COMPUTER VISION, ARTIFICAL SINEW NETWORKS.

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE TÜBİTAK SOFTWARE SYSTEMS; PC TECHNOLOGIES & SECURITY m SIMULATION TECHNOLOGIES m QUALITY ASSURANCE m

MATERIALS & CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE TÜBİTAK WORK GROUPS & ACTIVITY FIELDS ÓMINERALS, CERAMICS, SENSOR AND METAL TECHNOLOGIES ÓCASTING, COMPOSITE, POLYMER AND ACOUSTIC TECHNOLOGIES ÓTECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT

MATERIALS & CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE TÜBİTAK MINERALS, CERAMICS, SENSOR & METAL TECHNOLOGIES m BORON AND BORON COMPOUNDS; CLAYS; MINERALS; ZEOLITES; CATALYSTS; PROCESS ENGINEERING AND DESIGN m ADVANCED CERAMICS, CERAMICS NANOPARTICLES; MULTIFUNCTIONAL CERAMICS m FUNCTIONAL COATING TECHNOLOGIES m TRANSDUCER TECHNOLOGIES; BIO/CHEMICAL SENSORS: DESIGN & SYNTHESIS m METALS TECHNOLOGIES: MAGNESIUM; STEELS, ALLOYS; POWDER METALLURGY AND INJECTION MOLDING;

MATERIALS & CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE TÜBİTAK CASTING, COMPOSITES, POLYMERS & ACOUSTIC TECHNOLOGIES m ALUMINUM PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES m CASTING TECHNOLOGIES; PRECISION CASTING; ALLOY DEVELOPMENT; SUPERALLOYS m COMPOSITE TECHNOLOGIES: HIGH PERFORMANCE FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER MATRIX COMPOSITES: PROCESSING, DESIGN, PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT m POLYMERS 6 SYNTHESIS TECHNOLOGIES: ENGINEERING PLASTICS, POLYMER-POLYMER BLENDS; BIO-DEGRADABLE & ECO-FRIENDLY POLYMERS; SURFACE MODIFICATION m CARBON TECHNOLOGIES: ACTIVE CARBON MICRO-SPHERES; CARBON NANOTUBES m ACOUSTIC & NDT TECHNOLOGIES

MATERIALS & CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE TÜBİTAK TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT; m CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, ICP TECHNIQUES, INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS (IR, UV, GC-MS, GPS, ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS) m METALLOGRAPHY, FAILURE ANALYSIS m ELECTRON MICROSCOPY TECHNIQUES m XRD, XRF m MECHANICAL TESTING, TRIBOLOGY m ORGANIC ANALYSIS & NMR m. TURKISH UKRAINIAN JOINT RESEARCH LAB

TECHNOLOGY FREE ZONE TÜBİTAK m. OCTOBER 1992 CENTER m. MAY 1998 AS m. JULY 1999 m. DECEMBER 1999 m. JANUARY 2000 AGREEMENT : MRC TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT WAS FOUNDED, : MRC TECHNOPARK HAS BEEN DECLARED THE FIRST LEGAL TECHNOPARK OF TURKEY, : MRC TECHNOLOGY FREE ZONE PROTOCOL WAS SIGNED WITH FOREIGN TRADE UNDERSECRETARIAT, : ESTABLISHMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF MRC TECHNOLOGY FREE ZONE AND BORDERS DECREE WAS PUBLISHED AT OFFICIAL GAZETTE, : MRC TECHNOLOGY FREE ZONE WAS SIGNED WITH THE GENERAL DIRECTORATE OF FREE ZONES.

TECHNOLOGY FREE ZONE TÜBİTAK AMENITIES AND SERVICES PROVIDED THE MRC TECHNOPARK STARTED OUT AS A TECHNOLOGY INCUBATOR IN 1992 TO ENABLE THE START AND GROWTH OF ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY, SMALL AND MEDIUM SIZE COMPANIES. THE MRC HAS ALSO BEEN AUTHORIZED TO ESTABLISH AND OPERATE THE TÜBİTAK-MRC TECHNOLOGICAL FREE ZONE (TEKSEB) BY THE COUNCIL OF MINISTER’S DECREE NUMBERED 99/13725 AND DATED 26. 11. 1999. COMPANIES IN BOTH MRC TECHNOPARK AND TEKSEB ARE PROVIDED WITH THE OPPORTUNITY TO MAKE USE OF MRC’S TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND FACILITIES, AND OF COLLABORATING WITH ITS RESEARCHERS. TEKSEB, THANKS TO ITS UNIQUE FREE ZONE STATUS, ALSO PROVIDES COMPANIES HAVING R&D POTENTIAL AND WORKING IN ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY AREAS WITH THE FULL ADVANTAGES AND PRIVILEGES STIPULATED BY THE FREE ZONES LAW, ADDING A NEW DIMENSION TO THE INCENTIVES PROVIDED FOR TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT IN TURKEY.

TÜBİTAK MARMARA RESEARCH CENTER APRIL 2004 GEBZE-TURKEY