TAXONOMY Taxonomy is a branch of science that

TAXONOMY

Taxonomy is. a branch of science that deals with the classifications of living things

Carolus Linnaeus 1753 Father of Taxonomy

Three Interrelated Parts of Taxonomy • Classification Arrangement into groups • Nomenclature Assignment of Names • Identification Determining Identity

Five Kingdom System • • • Animalia Plantae Fungi Protista Prokaryote/Monera

Monera (Bacteria) - heterotroph

Blue green algae (cyanobacteria) -autotroph

Protista 1. Unicellular/ multicellular 2. Autotrophic (plant-like) - Euglena -seaweeds Heterotrophic (animallike/protozoans) -Amoeba - Paramecium,

Fungi 1. Absorptive Chemoheterotrophs 2. Unicellular(yeast) multicellular (mushroom, mildews) 3. Heterotroph 4. Decomposers

Kingdom Animalia 1. Multicellular 2. Heterotrophs

The 5 Classes of Vertebrates

Fish • They breathe with gills. • They are cold blooded. • Their skin is covered with scales and bony plates. • They lay eggs and have live births. • Examples of fish are gold fish, sharks and lamprey.

Fish • An unusual example would be a sea horse and an eel. • A non-example would be a dolphin, whale and starfish.

Amphibians • • • They breathe with lungs and gills. They are cold blooded. Their skin is smooth and moist. Their birth of young are eggs. The examples are frogs, toads, salamanders, newt, and mud puppies.

Amphibians • African clawed frog is a unusual example. • The lizard is a non-example.

Reptiles • • • They breathe with lungs. They are cold-blooded. Their bodies are covered with dry scales. They lay eggs. Black snakes, Bearded dragons, Turtles, Crocodiles, and Alligators are reptiles.

Reptiles • Geckos and Skinks are unusual reptiles. • Frogs and Toads are non examples.

Birds • • • Birds breathe with lungs. They are warm-blooded. They are covered with feathers. They give birth to eggs. Examples of birds would be a red bird, hawk, and chicken. • Some unusual birds are the ostrich, flamingo, and penguin.

Birds • Some non-examples are the bat and the dragonfly.

Mammals • • • Mammals breathe with lungs. They are warm blooded. They have hair/fur. Most give birth to live young. Some examples are platypus, kangaroo, koala, bears, lions, tigers, and people. • Some unusual examples bats, whales, and dolphins

Mammals • Non-examples are sharks and penguins.

Invertebrates 8 Phyla of Invertebrates

1. Phylum Porifera (sponges) • asymmetrical • Body has canal and pores • sessile (attached to object, cannot move)

2. Phylum Coelenterata/Cnidaria (coelenterates/stinging celled) • Stinging cells and hollow bodies • tentacles that surround a mouth Examples: • • Jellyfish sea anemone coral hydras

3. Phylum Platyhelminthes (Flatworm) • flattened body • One body opening • Many are parasites, some are Free. Living • Can regenerate Examples: • Planaria, Tapeworm

4. Phylum Nemathelminthes/ Nematoda (Nematodes/roundworms) • Round bodies with pointed ends • Males & females are separate Examples: • Hookworm • Ascaris

5. Phylum Annelida (segmented worm/annelids) • Body divided into segments (with setae) • Most are hermaphrodites & free living • Examples Earthworms Ragworms Leeches

6. Phylum Mollusca (softbodied/mollusks) • Soft body usually protected by a shell • Body covered by mantle • Have muscular foot • Most have separate sexes • Examples: snails, slugs, clams, cuttlefish, chitons, tusk shells, oysters, octopus and squids

7. Phylum Echinodermata (spinyskinned/echinoderms) • 5 part body • spines • Tube Feet (with Suctions) • Examples: starfish/sea star, sea urchin, sand dollar, cucumber

8. Phylum Arthropoda (jointlegged/arthropods) • Jointed appendages • Segmented bodies • Exoskeleton that sheds by molting • Head, thorax, abdomen are main parts • Some separate sexes, hermaphrodites, parthenogenesis • Examples: spider, • scorpion, caterpillar, • shrimp, lobster, crabs, bees, fly

Kingdom Plantae 1. Multicellular 2. Photoautotrophs

Classifying Plants

Plants • Plants do not have fur, scales, or blood, so how are they classified? Like animals, plants are divided into two main groups. Then these two groups are divided into smaller groups. The ways that plants get their food and the ways that they create new plants will help you classify them.

Who studies plants? A botanist is a scientist who specializes in the study of plants. They classify plants based on their characteristics (vascular and nonvascular). You could call them “Plant Explorers. ”

How are they classified? • One way that plants can be classified is by how they carry water. Plants can either be Vascular or Nonvascular. • Vascular means “having tubes” *xylem (pathway of water) *phloem (pathway of food) • Nonvascular mean “not having tubes”

Vascular Plants that have tubes, roots, stems, and leaves. These plants stand up tall.

Why are these trees vascular? They have tubes, roots, stems, and leaves. They also stand up tall.

1. Seed-bearing(Spermatophytes) 2. Seedless(Pteridophytes) More Vascular Plants

1. Seed-bearing(Spermatophytes) a. Monocot

1. Seed-bearing(Spermatophytes) b. Dicot

Nonvascular Plants that do not have tubes, roots, stems, or leaves. These plants soak up water and food from the soil, like sponges. They are also much smaller than vascular plants. moss

Vascular or Non-Vascular?