Taxonomy and Classification Taxonomy What is it Branch

Taxonomy and Classification

Taxonomy – What is it? • Branch of biology dealing with the identification, naming and classification of organisms

Questions 1. What does it mean to classify things? 2. What types of things are classified? 3. Why do scientists classify organisms?

Why Use Taxonomy? • Categorizes organisms to: § show ancestordescendent relationships § show “relatedness” & similarity

Cladogram – Shows: a. ) relatedness of species b. ) evolutionary history

Cladogram

Why scientific names? Q. What is the largest wild feline (cat) in the US? a. Mountain Lion b. Cougar c. Panther d. Puma e. Catamount

All of the above Puma concolor

Why scientific names? (cont) • Common names vary by region • Scientists are clear when referring to living things

Organization of Living Things Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Mnemonic Device “King Philip Crossed Oceans For Good Sushi”

Classification Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species (Animalia) (Chordata) (Mammalia) (Primates) (Hominidae) (Homo) (sapiens)

Naming Organisms • Binomial Nomenclature: 2 part naming system • Ex: Homo sapiens Scientific name for humans

DICHOTOMOUS KEY • Tool used to identify things based on characteristics (kind of like a biological “ 20 Q”)

Taxonomic Systems • 5 Kingdom System • 6 Kingdom System

5 Kingdom System: OLD system

6 Kingdom System

What’s In Each Kingdom? • Archaebacteria – Unicellular (one cell) – Prokaryotic (no nucleus) – Live in extreme conditions

Archaebacteria Hot spring pool

Kingdoms (cont. ) • Eubacteria – Unicellular – Prokaryotic – Common bacteria

Eubacteria Yersinia pestis (plague) Life on a kitchen sponge

Kingdoms (cont. ) • Protist – Unicellular & multicellular – Eukaryotic (have a nucleus) – Digest nutrients – Biological “junk-drawer”

Protista Campanella Volvox Amoeba Spyrogyra

Kingdoms (cont. ) • Fungi – Multicelluar & Eukaryotic – Live in decaying organisms or soil – Absorb nutrients – Mushrooms, Yeast & Molds

Fungi “Budding” yeast

Kingdoms (cont. ) • Plant – Multicellular & Eukaryotic – Autotrophic (make own food, photosynthesis) – Aquatic & Terrestrial

Plantae

Kingdoms (cont. ) • Animal – Multicellular & Eukaryotic – Heterotrophic (can’t make own food) – Aquatic & Terrestrial

Animalia