Task Analysis Tools ERGONOMICS TRAINTHETRAINER PROGRAM TASK ANALYSIS

Task Analysis Tools ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS

Review the Basics • Risk Factors • Ergonomic Body Divisions ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS

Risk Factors • Force • Frequency • Posture • Duration • Contact Stress • Environment • Vibration ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS

Ergonomic Body Division • Upper Extremity • Lower Extremity • Trunk ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS

Recognizing a WMSD Problem • Use OSHA 200/300 logs • Accident Reports • Workman’s Compensation info • Employee Surveys • Visual Cues ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS

Body Part Discomfort Form and Rating Scale ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS

What is a Task Analysis Tool • A narrative, quantitative and/or checklist system that provides a standardized evaluation of a job/task • Tools based on biomechanical and physiological information compiled and calculated providing a relative risk of injury probability • Can be specific for body region and/or risk factors ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS

Why do we need these tools? • Provide guidance • Where to begin corrective actions • Helps direct efforts toward specific body division, risk factors • Involve employees • Employees can perform assessments • Provide a level of measurement • Shows improvement of tasks • Baseline data ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS

How do we use them? Two criteria for use: • What are you trying to find out? • General vs. Specific information • What limitations must be considered? • Various tools are only able to assess specific body regions ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS

Types of Analysis Tools Checklists • Easy to use • Less time consuming • Minimal training • Very sensitive: One check, task must be considered ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS

Types of Analysis Tools Quantitative • Less sensitive • More specific training • Provide a relative risk assessment ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS

Types of Analysis Tools Narrative • More formal training and experience required • Provides specific areas for improvement • Very time consuming ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS

Checklists • Washington State Checklist (WISHA) • NIOSH • University of Michigan ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS

WISHA • Checklist system that identifies “caution or hazard zone jobs” • Incorporates each of the risk factors including vibration and contact stress • Has separate evaluation for heavy, frequent or awkward lifting • Uses verbal cues to guide user through evaluation criteria • Not generally left or right side independent ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS

WISHA • Does address combination of risk factors • Great “first cut” ergonomic tool • Draw Backs • High sensitivity: identify many jobs • Doesn’t separate frequency component by body part ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS

Using WISHA • 3 basic sections • Entire body checklist • Lifting hazard section • Vibration hazard analysis • Entire body checklist • Identify if a particular hazard exist as a result of a risk factor for a body part • If a hazard exists then corrective action is needed ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS

Using WISHA • Lifting hazard analysis • Calculated weight limit is adjusted by: • Compares the actual weight lifted to a calculated weight limit • Actual weight lifted > Weight limit = Hazard exists ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS

Using WISHA • Vibration hazard analysis • Compares the time an employee uses the machine to a pre-measured vibration value • Plot time vs. vibration data on graph • Intersection point indicates degree of hazard • Vibration data: www. lni. wa. gov/wisha/ergo ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS

ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS

Quantitative Tools • Job Strain Index • Rapid Upper Limb Assessment • ACGIH Threshold Limit Value – HAL • Rapid Entire Body Assessment • Rodgers Muscle Fatigue Analysis • Snook Push/Pull Hazard Tables ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS

Job Strain Index • Only evaluates hand, wrist and elbow (distal upper extremity) • Assess task based on posture, frequency and force • FORCE driven • Doesn’t consider vibration or contact stress • Index based on a relative risk (1 -1053) • 7 considered hazardous ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS

Job Strain Index • Can assess right and left sides independently as well as worst case • Used in meat packing, small part assembly, keyboarding and other highly repetitive hand motions ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS

Strain Index Elements • Intensity of exertions (force) • Duration of Exertion (% cycle) • Efforts per minute • Hand/wrist posture • Speed of work • Duration of task per day ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS

Using the Job Strain Index • Assign a value for each of the 6 elements • Multiply each element = strain index • Compare calculated value to decision threshold provided • Decision Threshold • <3 safe • 3 -5 uncertain • 5 -7 some risk • >7 hazardous ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS

ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS

ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS

JHA/Work Methods ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS

JHA/Work Methods Videotaping Tips • Announce the name of the job on the tape • Tape 5 to 10 minutes for each task • At least 3 -4 cycles • Start with whole body shots and then zoom in on problems areas • Try different angles to get the best shot ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS

JHA/Work Methods Step 1: Breaking The Job Down • List each step in order of occurrence • Be sure to record enough information • Can use Gilbreth’s terms to describe steps • Can use video or photos ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS

JHA/Work Methods Gilbreth’s Table of Work Elements • • Search Select Grasp Reach Move Hold Position Inspect • • Assemble Disassemble Use Unavoidable Delay Avoidable Delay Plan Rest to overcome fatigue ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS

JHA/Work Methods Step 2: Identify the Hazards • Look for Risk Factors in each job • Repeat the job observation until all hazards identified • Video and photos can be especially helpful • Consider abnormal activities and conditions ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS

JHA/Work Methods Step 3: New Procedure or Protection • Can the job be performed in another way? • Can you make physical changes to the job? • Does the job have to be performed? Can it be done less often? ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS

ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS

ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS

What does the worker need to know from this presentation? ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS