Tap Talk 1 Barley to Block Global and
Tap Talk # 1 Barley to Block: Global and local considerations • • • Why (Barley) How (Malting) Who (Barley Research, Production and Processing) What’s next (naked barley) Random bits of science and technology
Why (Barley)
In the beginning there was spontaneity: Hordeum spontaneum Now there is …. . . : Hordeum vulgare* 2 n = 2 x = 14 5. 3 Gbp ~ 30, 000 genes Self-pollinated (hermaphroditic) * Technically speaking spontaneum and vulgare both subspecies of H. vulgare
Spontaneum Vulgare Shattering (brittle rachis) Shattering resistant (non-brittle rachis) 2 -row, 6 -row Adhering hulls Adhering, non-adhering (naked) Winter annual Winter, facultative, and spring annual
The domestication traits, the genes, and the mechanisms Locus/alleles Phenotype Mechanism Btr 1, Btr 2 Shattering/retention Loss of function deletions Vrs 1 2 -row/6 -row Loss of function deletions Nud Hull adherence Loss of function deletions Vrn 1, Vrn 2, Vrn 3 Growth habit Loss of function deletions Ppd 1, Ppd 2 Loss of function deletions Flowering time
From domestication to migration 1 mile per year (? ) Central/East Asia – food Naked, spring, 6 -row
Migration and specialization Europe Beer • Hulls, spring growth habit, 2 -row Feed (food and some beer) • Hulls, spring/winter/facultative, 6 -row “The decree known as the Reinheitsgebot, issued in Ingolstadt in 1516, had three aims: to protect drinkers from high prices; to ban the use of wheat in beer so more bread could be made; and to stop unscrupulous brewers from adding dubious toxic and even hallucinogenic ingredients as preservatives or flavourings. ”
Migration and specialization Americas Beer, Feed • 2 -row, hulls, spring • 6 -row, hulls, spring • 2 -row, 6 -row spring/winter/facultative
How (Malting) Steeping, Germination, Kilning Time (~1 week) temperature (50 o – 350 o) Moisture (10% – 50%)
How (Malting) • At home • The OSU malt house (Barley World Malts) • @ Corvallis Brewing Supply • Mecca Grade and Gold Rush • Great Western Malting (Stay tuned for the Full Pint malt-off brought to you by CBS)
Who (Barley Research, Production and Processing)
Breeding barley at a Land Grant University: The OSU Barley Project Facultative 2 -row malting; Facultative 2 (6) row multi-use naked Locus/alleles Phenotype Mechanism Vrn 1, Vrn 2, Vrn 3 Growth habit Loss of function deletions Ppd 1, Ppd 2 Loss of function deletions Flowering time
The OSU Barley Project Crossing 5 H Doubled haploids The Relationships between Development and Low Temperature Tolerance in Barley Near Isogenic Lines Differing for Flowering Behavior. Cuesta-Marcos, A. et al. 2015. Plant and Cell Physiology Volume 56, Issue 12 Pp. 2312 -2324. C 13 FAN_LOD: 36. 9_a: -39. 6 C 13 AA_LOD: 35. 3_a: -18. 7 C 13 ST_LOD: 35. 2_a: -4. 7 C 13 ST_LOD: 31. 2_a: -4. 6 C 13 WP_LOD: 30. 1_a: -0. 6 C 13 WC_LOD: 16. 5_a: -0. 3 C 13 BG_LOD: 5. 9_a: 75. 1 C 13 ST_LOD: 3. 7_a: -1. 9 C 13 BC_LOD: 3. 2_a: -2. 3 C 13 ME_LOD: 11. 4_a: -0. 9 C 14 SPS_LOD: 2. 9_a: -0. 8 C 13 BG_LOD: 5_a: 66. 7 Publication, Variety/Germplasm release C 14 TW_LOD: 7. 6_a: -1 C 13 TKW_LOD: 14. 3_a: -2. 9 C 14 Y_LOD: 6. 9_a: -318. 1 C 14 HD_LOD: 7. 4_a: -1. 7 C 15 HD_LOD: 6. 3_a: -2. 1 C 13 HD_LOD: 8. 6_a: -2. 8 M 15 HD_LOD: 8. 3_a: -1. 5 M 15 M_LOD: 5. 3_a: 6. 8 C 13 P_LOD: 5. 1_a: -1. 8 C 14 L_LOD: 4. 8_a: -5. 2 C 13 H_LOD: 12. 3_a: -5. 6 C 14 BSR_LOD: 6. 6_a: 5. 5 C 13 H_LOD: 10. 3_a: -5. 2 C 15 BSR_LOD: 5. 5_a: 7. 1 C 14 H_LOD: 6. 7_a: -5. 4 C 14 L_LOD: 3. 7_a: -4. 6 M 15 H_LOD: 8. 2_a: -2 C 14 P_LOD: 9. 4_a: -6. 1 C 14 TW_LOD: 6. 8_a: -0. 9 C 15 HD_LOD: 3. 3_a: -1. 6 C 13 BC_LOD: 6. 4_a: -3. 3 C 13 P_LOD: 2. 7_a: -1. 3 C 13 BC_LOD: 3. 1_a: -2. 3 C 14 LR_LOD: 3. 5_a: 5. 6 M 15 H_LOD: 5. 8_a: -1. 7 C 13 BP_LOD: 3. 1_a: 0. 4 C 14 H_LOD: 5. 5_a: -4. 8 Genetics and Breeding 52_0206 A 10133 A 11281 A 11283 A 3012 A 61467 A 17246 5149877 5232930 52_1426 A 9236 A 9242 A 35937 A 6527 A 32314 A 34399 A 45497 A 58614 A 17329 A 15122 A 38678 A 33142 A 11195 A 39423 A 10578 A 33144 A 35635 A 23020 A 19878 A 57310 A 23663 A 52323 A 45139 A 54566 A 21751 53_0654 51_1128 A 62366 A 16750 A 62372 A 14013 A 27948 A 58627 A 28098 A 23036 A 53775 A 13235 A 52324 A 28510 A 40667 A 25784 A 38634 51_1221 51_0671 52_0441 A 39562 A 59246 A 2132 A 21727 A 31634 A 39567 A 8401 A 33667 A 33802 A 24436 52_0713 52_0392 A 4388 A 44540 A 60826 A 16532 A 40446 A 16543 A 28760 A 56807 A 15768 101. 6 A 56808 A 10413 A 62319 102. 2 A 39511 102. 8 A 39701 53_1427 105. 7 51_1355 52_0526 111. 9 51_0518 A 40886 120. 1 A 40885 53_0098 133. 2 52_0018 52_1168 52_0795 135. 7 52_0549 138. 1 A 29949 139. 3 A 35656 52_1061 A 50994 A 50443 139. 9 A 42576 A 57844 140. 5 A 50995 141. 1 A 42579 161. 6 A 56719 162. 8 A 3016 163. 1 A 56725 163. 4 A 15237 163. 8 A 56720 164. 2 A 15242 A 6950 165. 1 A 26145 168. 9 5366981 180. 3 53_0524 185. 4 A 17309 A 52248 187. 2 A 47689 189. 0 A 61559 A 19833 A 19834 191. 4 A 19829 194. 4 51_0805 200. 4 51_0783 53_0929 53_0930 201. 1 51_0095 202. 6 A 10668 A 10673 204. 1 A 10672 208. 3 A 25187 210. 1 53_0635 214. 4 51_0819 216. 2 A 10187 216. 9 A 11995 227. 0 A 45575 229. 0 A 3583 229. 6 A 39117 236. 1 A 12032 A 61082 237. 4 A 44849 237. 8 A 6348 238. 6 A 32892 244. 4 A 45211 A 23407 52_1018 A 43929 247. 8 A 43332 A 44334 249. 0 A 44323 A 51223 250. 2 A 55919 251. 9 52_0829 254. 0 51_0869 A 60753 A 60754 262. 6 A 63287 263. 2 A 10542 264. 9 52_1141 268. 5 A 31352 A 32982 A 31257 276. 8 A 32988 279. 8 A 14908 A 12052 280. 4 A 12049 283. 1 A 61914 A 22962 A 59718 287. 1 A 44414 A 55993 288. 8 A 19168 289. 4 A 54195 290. 0 A 37358 291. 2 53_0382 293. 6 51809_R 569307 294. 1 5784_F 51_0322 294. 7 51_0857 295. 9 53_0958 53_1481 51_0401 297. 1 5140269 52448_R 298. 3 5128167 547507 52048_F 298. 9 51881_F 5139089 300. 6 53_1292 301. 2 548097 302. 5 546054 303. 7 52_1155 305. 6 53_0769 0. 0 3. 2 3. 7 12. 5 13. 0 13. 2 15. 8 19. 1 21. 7 27. 1 45. 5 49. 9 53. 6 54. 8 55. 7 56. 3 56. 9 57. 2 57. 5 57. 8 58. 1 59. 2 61. 6 62. 2 64. 6 65. 2 65. 8 66. 0 66. 2 66. 4 66. 5 67. 1 70. 6 72. 3 72. 9 74. 6 74. 8 75. 5 76. 0 76. 4 77. 6 78. 8 80. 0 80. 6 82. 9 92. 5 93. 1 93. 7 97. 3
Barley contributions to beer flavor Deschutes + 6 and the Oregon Promise
Bringing it all back home Mecca Grade Estate Malt, Full Pint, and Next Pint
Random bits of science and technology Golden Promise (gamma irradiation of Maythorpe, ari-e, 1968) LOX DMS Mechanism Loss of function deletions CRISPR…. . .
Is it time for barley to go naked after 10, 000 years? Multi-use naked barley for malt/food/feed: The NIFA-OREI grant
Thanks! The Oregon Barley Project crew – past and present Sami Tellatin Joel Rea Brought to you by Your Oregon tax dollars, Federal grants, American Malting Barley Association, AB-INBEV, Brewers Association, Great Western Malting, The Flavor Pack, Mecca Grade Estate Malt, Oregon Wheat Commission Rahr Malting
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