TAFE J farm research centre www jfarmindia com

TAFE - J farm research centre www. jfarmindia. com In the forefront of IT revolution in Agriculture Dr. K Srinivasan Tractors & Farm Equipment Ltd Kelambakkam 603 103, TN, India

Sustainable development of farm holders through integrated farming and mechanization

Tractors and Farm Equipment Limited ØWorld’s third largest manufacturer of tractors Ø 50 years of experience in designing, developing, manufacturing, selling and supporting tractors in diverse soils & agro climatic zones. ØLargest exporter of tractors-100 countries worldwide. ØOffers complete agricultural solution-Matching implements & accessories, crop production advice by J farm ØEnables customers to reduce human drudgery & improve farm productivity at less cost.

Present Chairman’s Vision…. . “An organisation with a vision of cultivating the world must work in close partnership with farmer. ” Mallika Srinivasan CEO & Chairman Tractors & Farm Equipment Ltd TAFE Motors & Tractors Limited

TAFE - J farm research centre ØEstablished in the memory of the founder of Amalgamations Group S. Anantharamakrishnan, who was affectionately called as ‘J’. ØYear of establishment: 1964 ØTotal area: 200 acres ØServing Indian farming community since 50 years.

TAFE - J farm research centre Objectives ØDevelopment of viable integrated farm technologies for wide ranging crops for small & marginal farmers ØIdentification of improved varieties in select crops such as rice, pulses and vegetables having good yield, high quality, market & consumer acceptance ØDemonstration on the use of appropriate implement, equipment and machinery for various agricultural operations to reduce human drudgery ØStandardisation of planting geometry to suit the movement of tractor and implements for intercultural operation ØDissemination of customised information on crops and farming system in relation to region, soil, climate and land holding and market demand

J farm research centre Objectives ØProduction and distribution of seeds of the identified varieties & a few popularly grown varieties to the farmers ØDevelopment of technology to increase productivity of tropical and sub tropical vegetables suitable for high temperature and high humid area ØOn farm advisory services including dissemination of information on the package of practices for crops through agri portal www. jfarmindia. com ØReclamation of problem soils

J farm research centre Major achievements ØRice (J 13, 18, 66, White Ponni, IR 50) and Ground nut (J 20, VRI 2) either released or popularised in the past by this centre is grown in Ca 4 lakh (0. 4 m) acres in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka states ØRecently identified medium slender rice JR 21 and 22 (145 -155 day duration) yields 6 -7 t/ha as against standard variety with 4 -5 t/ha yield. ØAgri portal entitled www. jfarmindia. com launched by this centre describes production, protection and processing technologies including mechanization for over 170 crops

J farm research centre Major achievements ØPioneer in integration of crop-livestock farming system ØProvides an opportunity to go organic reducing dependence on chemical fertilizers and addresses sustainability ØDevelopment of low cost technologies for soil and water conservation for small and medium farmers ØDevelopment of dry land farming technologies ØScientific management of Dairy ØReclamation of acid sulphate soils for Rice grown in Kuttanad Mango – Grown in dryland

J farm research centre Major achievements Ø Low cost modified hydroponics technology for high temperature and high humid areas in open field Ø Effective utilization of land to reap max benefits from an unit area by horizontal & vertical cropping Ø Vermicomposting of farm yard manure & its enrichment Ø Processes leading to development of dia rice: Does not spike PP blood sugar Ø Development of micronutrient mixtures for mango: Induces flowering & increases better fruit set during off year Ø Creation of biodiversity park and planting of fastest growing timber tree in a large area

Category of farmers and land holdings Category Average size of holding Number of Area (‘ 000 ha) operational holdings (‘ 000) Marginal (<0. 5 -1. 0 ha) India 0. 38 Small (1. 0 -2. 0 ha) 1. 38 Semi-medium (2 -4 ha) 2. 68 Medium (4 -10 ha) 5. 74 Large (>10 ha) 17. 08 Total India 92356 (67. 04) 24705 (17. 93) 13840 (10. 05) 5856 (4. 25) 1000 (0. 73) 137757 Figures in parentheses are per cent values Source: Agricultural census, 2011 India 35410 35136 37547 33709 17379 159181

Land holding in India Particulars Details Total number of operational holding 138. 35 million Average size of farm 1. 5 ha % of marginal & small farms of the total holding (<2 ha) 85% Projection for marginal & small farm by 2030 91% of total holding ØSmall farmers are the main providers of food and nutritional security to the nation. ØThe continuous decline farm size also gives rise to concerns on the very sustainability of the small farms

India : Irrigated and rainfed area Particulars India % of total net sown area (2013) Irrigated area Rainfed area 47. 25 52. 75

Major problem faced by marginal & small farmers Ø Small and fragmented land-holdings Ø Non availability of good quality of seeds Ø Non availability proper integration of cropping and farming systems suited to different regions Ø Lack of mechanization Ø Non availability of customised skill development program to the farmers and rural youth Ø Poor purchasing power Ø Inadequate storage facility Ø Inadequate transport Ø Limited access to inputs, technology, credit, capital and market Ø Middle man

Solution to the problem Ø Better soil and water management Ø Introduction of integrated farming system (IFS) – Alternate source of income Ø Training on skill development. viz. production of enriched vermicompost, low cost soil water conservation technology, integrated farming techniques and application, repair & maintenance of farm machinery Ø Mechanizing farm –Establishing custom hiring centre in different clusters Ø Focus on production technology for small & marginal farmers Ø Small scale processing of farm produce and by products at farm level Ø Realise good price for the produce Ø Precision farming – for Techno-green revolution

An Integrated sustainable model for marginal & small farmers Integrated Farming System (IFS) Size does not matter Combination of different agricultural activities in a unit area of land

Integrated Farming System (IFS) -Goals Ø Maximize return from an unit area, profitability and sustainability Ø Income year round Ø Utilise by-products of one component of the farming system as an input in to another Ø Maintain soil status and fertility Ø Solve energy, fodder and timber crisis Ø Generate employment in villages by reducing drudgery Ø Improve livelihood of farmers

Major components experimented & found successful § § § Crop husbandry Livestock production Vermicomposting Horticulture Agro forestry

An Integrated Farming System for Sustainability of Marginal & Small farmers developed by By J farm research centre Dairy + Enriched Vermicompost + Boundary plantation + Crop husbandry (rice+vegetable+banana)

Fodder as an alley crop for livestock-Suits marginal and small farmers Controlled feeding helps regeneration of fodder

An Integrated Farming System for Sustainability of Marginal & Small farmers Dairy Income by rearing of two improved breed of milch cow/ha Product/by product Income (Rs. )/year Milk (@10 lit/cow)* 54750 Vermicompost (2. 3 t/year)** 11500 Total 66250 Assumptions Milk: Milking duration: 6 months/year, selling cost of Milk: Rs. 30/lit. 50% cost towards the maintenance of cow Vermicompost: dung @25 kg/day, Vermicompost: 1/8 of total production of dung, Cost of vermicompost: Rs. 5/kg

Projection for production of vermicompost from 2 milch cows Numbers of cows Production of dung*/year @ 50 kg/day/ 2 cows Production of vermicompost /year @ @ 6. 26 kg/day/ 2 cows 2 18250 kg 2284 kg * Each cow produces dung every day 5 -6% of her average body weight of 450 -600 kg (Improved breed of milch cow) Enriching of vermicompost by mixing bio inputs in proper composition Rock phosphate, Trichoderma viride, Azospirillum, Phosphobacteria, Frateuria aurantia & Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) Advantages ØImproves the nutrient contents of decomposed FYM ØThe quantity of enriched vermicompost required is 5 times less (2 t/ha) as compared normal decomposed (10 t/ha) FYM per ha ØIncreases the uptake of nutrients from the soil

TAFE - J farm research centre An Integrated Farming System for Sustainability of Marginal & Small farmers Crop husbandry

Scanty and low rainfall area Medium rainfall area Low to medium rainfall area Medium to high rainfall area

Cultivation of Rice Yield/ha/season: 60 q Net profit/ha: 45, 300/ha/season 90, 600/ha/2 seasons Assumptions Cost of cultivation: 50% of gross income Selling cost per kg: Rs. 1510/q (MSP)

Crop husbandry – Vegetables (By application of enriched vermicompost) Average production of brinjal: 30 t/ha/6 month Net profit per ha (Rs. ): 1. 5 lakh/6 months 3. 0 lakh/ year Assumptions Cost of cultivation: 50% of gross income Selling cost: Rs. 10/kg

Vegetable production technology developed by J farm

Vegetable production technology developed by J farm

Hydroponics in open environment (Red Chilli) Weed mat Drip lines

Hydroponics in open environment

Hydroponics in open environment Growing media Cocopeat , Vermicomposted FYM, vermicomposted pressmud, Soil , Clay balls/pellets , Symbion-N, Symbion-P, VAM, Biocure F, Bio-Cure B & Rock phosphate Plastic trough (Width x Depth) Chilli 0. 3 x 0. 3 m, Leafy vegetables: 0. 6 x 0. 2 m Weed mat (100 GSM thick ) Spread on top of soil surface to give the area a neat look and to prevent emergence of soil borne insects Yield, cost of cultivation and net return Crop Area (m 2) Total no of plants Chilli (Dry)* Leafy vegetables** 892 415 1420 28800 Total 1307 Total yield Retail cost (kg or bundle) (Rs/kg or bundle) 700 kg 200/kg 4500 kg or 15/bundle 12857 bundles of 350 g each Gross income (Rs. ) 6 month 12 month 140000 192855 280000 385710 332855 665710 Generates 10 times more income as compared to conventional cultivation

Cultivation of Monthan (Cooking Banana) in paired row Plant population/ha: Single: row: 2260 and paired row: 5200 Advantages: Increase in plant population, yield and income recorded: 130% Net profit/ha: 3. 9 lakhs/ha/year Assumptions Cost of cultivation: 50% of gross income Number of bunches/ha: 5200 nos. Selling cost of each bunch: Rs. 150/bunch

Technologies Standardisation of planting geometry to suit movement of tractors 1. 2 m Trench for irrigation: Width: 30 -40 cm & Depth: 30 -45 cm

Planting of Melia dubia on the boundary of farm Particulars Details No of trees/ha boundary of field at the spacing of 2 m 200 Cost/ tree (Rs. ) after 6 years 900 Net income (Rs. )/6 year 1. 71 lakhs Net income (Rs. )/year 28000 Melia dubia-Fastest growing tree-Attains 15 -20 feet height in 2 years with good girth Assumptions Cost of cultivation: 5 % of gross income

An Integrated sustainable model for small and medium farmers Sustainable Integrated Farming System for one ha land holding (Irrigated condition) Farming system model: Crop husbandry (rice+vegetable+banana) + Dairy + Vermicompost +Boundary plantation SIZE DOES NOT MATTER Net return (Rs/ha) Particulars Dairy – 2 milch cows (Milk & vermicompost) Details/Return (Rs. ) 66250 Crop husbandry Vegetables (1 acre) 120000 Cooking banana (1 acre) 156000 Rice (0. 5 acre) – Rice-Green manure 18120 Planting of Melia dubia on the boundary of farm (1 ha or 400 m 11200 running length) Total income by Integrated farming system/ha 371570 Conventional system (growing of rice two season 75500 @ 5 t/ha) Increase over conventional system/ha 296070 Increase over conventional system (%)/ha 392. 14 Source: Developed by TAFE - J farm research centre

Farm mechanization

Need for farm mechanization To • Ensure timely farm operations leading to increased productivity • Increase productivity of labour and other inputs • Reduce drudgery in the farm activities • Improve the quality of farm produce besides reducing the losses and adding value to farm produce, and • Improve the profitability by generating money through custom hiring of tractors, implements, equipments & machinery

Economic advantage of mechanization in per cent Particulars Increase in productivity up to Seed-cum-fertilizer drill facilitates Saving in seeds Saving in fertilizer Enhancement in cropping intensity Increase in gross income to the farmers Increase/saving (%) 12 -34 20 15 -20 5 – 22 29 -49 Source Report of the Sub-Group on Agricultural Implements and Machinery for Formulation of 9 th Five Year Plan, Govt. of India.

TAFE & TMTL will facilitate introduction of suitable tractors, implements, equipment and machinery to type of crop & soil, farm holding, purchasing power and usage

TAFE - MF Range: (30 -40 HP) 30 -36 HP Range Orchard MF 1134 MF 1030 DI MF 1035 R DI 37 -40 HP Range MF 1035 Maha Shakti MF 1035 Tonner MF 1035 PD

MF Range: (41 -50 HP) MF 241 Maha Shakti MF 241 Tonner MF 241 PD MF 7250 Power. UP MF 7250 MF 245 MF 5245 4 WD MF 5245 PD MF 9000

MF Range : (>50 HP) MF 9500 MF 2635

TRACTOR - EICHER MODELS/VARIANTS (24 to 38 hp range) Eicher 241 XTRAC (24 hp) Eicher 333 Super DI (33 hp) Eicher 242 XTRAC (25 hp) Eicher 368 Super DI (36 hp) Eicher 312 Super DI (30 hp) Eicher 380 Super DI (38 hp)

TRACTOR - EICHER MODELS/VARIANTS (42 to 50 hp range) Eicher 480 Super DI (42 hp) Eicher 5150 Super DI (47 hp) Eicher 485 Super DI (45 hp) Eicher 5660 Super DI (50 hp)

Application of tractor for non agricultural operations • Developing and levelling of roads, building sites, dams • Breaking of rock with tractor mounted pneumatic compressors • Hauling of road and building and construction materials • Generating electricity by operating alternator

TAFE implements, equipment and machinery for major and minor crops TAFE manufactures wide ranging implements, equipment and machinery for different field operations viz. land preparation, sowing cum fertilizer application, harvesting & self propelled machinery for Orchard application

Income from custom hiring centres Particulars A. Life of tractor and implements, equipment and machinery (years) B. Initial cost of project (Rs. ) C. Initial cost of project after 50% subsidy on implements, equipments and machinery D. Annual hours of operation (hrs)* E. Expenditure incurred in nine years (Rs. ) F. Gross income in nine years (Rs. ) G. Net return in nine years (Rs. ) H. Cost: Benefit ratio I. Break-even point (BEP) J. Net return in first year (Rs. / year) K. Net return between second and seventh year (Rs. / year) L. Net return between eighth and ninth year (Rs. / year) Type of investment Low 9 686000 343000 1450 hrs 2979277 4275000 1295723 1. 41215934 From first year Medium High 9 9 1424000 712000 3873000 1936500 2150 6140311 10305000 4164689 1. 65 From first year 110155 132293 392545 438509 3300 13660836 27000000 13339164 1. 94 From first year 1291340 1416149 195905 570545 1775465 * Annual hours of operation (hrs) for tractor and self propelled machinery Note: Net return can be increased by increasing the working hrs. The mechanization will also increase the productivity of crops between 5 and 10 per cent due to timely field preparation, precise & timely sowing, minimising seed losses during sowing and harvesting.

How can TAFE contribute to increasing agricultural productivity and income to small and medium farmers ØIntroduce Integrated farming system along with low cost soil conservation (cover cropping, wind breaks) and water conservation (using chisel plough/sub soiler to plough across gradient to allow infiltration of rain wate, construction of farm pond lined with vetiver) technology ØImpart skill based training to farmers and rural youth on technologies stated in above para and repair & maintenance of farm machinery at J farm research centre located in Chennai and Rajasthan ØIntroduce suitable hp tractor and associated implements/ equipment/ machinery as per crop, type of soil & size of holding for deployment in custom hiring centres ØIdentify a lead farmer/business man as an entrepreneur to run these custom hiring centres

Technology for drought prone regions with reference to Vidharba Introduce ØSuitable cropping system - Cotton-sorghum-minor millets-pulses linked with dairy cattle, horticulture and agro forestry as the secondary enterprises ØCover cropping & green manuring for scanty rainfall regions & water conservation technologies (chisel plough/sub soiler) and farm ponds lined with vetiver ØVemicomposting of press mud ØMelia dubia trees for agro forestry ØModified hydroponics to grow shallow and deep rooted vegetables ØRight tractor & implements/equipment/machinery suited for the region and custom hiring centres & impart skill development

Small millets based cropping system Fox millet, Setaria italica Little millet Panicum miliare Barnyard millet, Echinochloa frumantacea Finger millet Eleusine coracana Kodo millet Paspalum scrobiculatum Common millet Panicum miliaceum

Green manuring and water conservation

Melia dubia trees for agro forestry Modified hydroponics to grow shallow and deep rooted vegetables

Training on skill development

J farm research centre Totally engaged in the lives of farmers to improve their livelihood Thanks for your patience