Table of Contents Title 18 3 Intrusive Activity

Table of Contents Title: 18. 3 Intrusive Activity Page #: 108 Date: 5/16/2013

Objectives • • • Students will be able to compare and contrast features formed from magma that solidifies near the surface of Earth with those that solidify deep underground. Students will be able to classify different types of intrusive rock bodies. Students will be able to describe how geologic processes result in intrusive rocks that appear at Earth’s surface.

Word of the Day �Igneous Rock: Rock formed by solidification of magma.

18. 3 Intrusive Activity Pg. 514 Intrusive Activity: Main Idea: Magma that solidifies below ground forms geologic features different from those formed by magma that cools at the surface.

18. 3 Intrusive Activity • • Intrusive Activity Pg. 514 • Plutons: Not all magma emerges at surface of Earth. – Most volcanism happens below Earth’s surface. – When magma cools minerals begin to crystallize. – Crystallized magma forms intrusive igneous rock bodies. • Igneous Rock Bodies: – May be only a few cm thick and 100 s of meters long. – May be huge – 100 s of km^3.

18. 3 Intrusive Activity Pg. 515 Plutons: Huge intrusive igneous rocks 100 s km^3 large. • Plutons may be uplifted at Earth’s surface. Batholith: Largest plutons. • • Irregularly shaped. Coarse grained igneous rocks 100 km^2+ Usually granite. Take millions of years to form.

Batholiths form within the earth. Uplifting may expose batholiths To Earth’s surface.

18. 3 Intrusive Activity Pg. 515 Stocks: Smaller batholiths. Both Batholiths and Stocks form between 5 and 30 km below Earth’s surface. Both Batholiths and Stocks cut across older rocks.

Stocks are smaller batholiths.

18. 3 Intrusive Activity Pg. 515 Laccoliths: Lens-shaped pluton with a round top and flat bottom. • Form when rising magma causes overlying rock to bend. • Largest is 16 km wide. Sills: Parallel intrusions to rock layers. • May be only a few cm thick, or 100 s of meters thick. • Effects: 1) Lifts overlying rock up. 2) Metmorphoses surrounding rock.

Laccoliths also form within the earth. Laccoliths are round on top and flat on bottom.

18. 3 Intrusive Activity Pg. 516 Dikes: A pluton that cuts across preexisting rock. • Form when magma invades cracks in surrounding rocks. • Can be large or small. Textures: Dikes and sills usually • Coarse-grained – Large crystals, result from slow cooling deep in Earth’s surface. • Fine-grained – Form close to Earth’s surface.

Dikes cut across PRE-EXISTING rock. So they are always younger.

18. 3 Intrusive Activity Pg. 517 Plutons and Tectonics: Plutons form from mountain building. Convergent boundaries: Continental – Collision forces crust down into the mantle where is melts, intrudes into overlying rock and cools – Forms batholiths. Oceanic – When magma from a suducted plate does not rise all the way to the Earth’s surface. Example: Sierra Nevada Batholith in California and Yosemite National Park.

When two plates converge and mountains crumple up, they also push material Into the mantle, where it melts. Melted material may cool to form plutons (Mountain Roots. )