SYSTEMS OF THE HUMAN BODY FUNCTIONS PARTS DISEASES
SYSTEMS OF THE HUMAN BODY FUNCTIONS, PARTS, & DISEASES
THE SKELETAL SYSTEM
SKELETAL SYSTEM FUNCTIONS � PROVIDES SUPPORT FOR BODY � PROTECTS INTERNAL TISSUES & ORGANS � FRAMEWORK FOR MUSCLES � MOVEMENT � PRODUCES RED & WHITE BLOOD CELLS � STORES FAT AND MINERALS
STRUCTURES OF SKELETAL SYSTEM � 206 BONES long bones, flat bones, short bones, irregular bones � CONNECTIVE TISSUES CARTILAGE-rubber-like padding LIGAMENTS-connects bones to bones TENDONS-attaches muscles to bones � JOINTS-area where two bones meet
SKETETAL SYSTEM
SKELETAL SYSTEM PROBLEMS � FRACTURES� ARTHRITIS- breaks in bones swelling of joints � OSTEOPOROSIS- decrease in bone density � SCOLIOSIS- curving of the spine
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
MUSCULAR FUNCTION � Involuntary processes such as breathing, heart beat, and digestion � Voluntary movements such as running, lifting, throwing a ball
MUSCULAR SYSTEM PARTS � Smooth muscles: involuntary control, found in lining of vessels and organs � Skeletal muscles: attached to bones, cause body movement (triceps, biceps, quads) � Cardiac muscle: wall of heart
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
MUSCULAR SYSTEM PROBLEMS � Bruises � Muscle strain or sprain � Hernia- organ or fatty tissue squeezes through a weak spot in the muscle � Muscular dystrophy-disease that causes progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
NERVOUS SYSTEM FUNCTIONS � Coordinates all of the activities inside your body � Nerves transmit messages to every organ � Helps with things such as breathing, digesting food, feeling pain, and sensing fear
NERVOUS SYSTEM PARTS � CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM BRAIN-CEREBRUM, CEREBELLUM, BRAIN STEM SPINAL CORD � PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM NERVES
NERVOUS SYSTEM DIAGRAM
NERVOUS SYSTEM PROBLEMS HEADACHES � EPILEPSY-brain disorder causing seizures � HEAD & SPINAL INJURIES � MENINGITIS- inflammation of protective membranes covering brain & spinal cord � MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS-disease that disrupts flow of info between brain & body � CEREBRAL PALSY- disorder that affects ability to move & maintain posture � PARKINSON’S DISEASE-disorder that affects movement & causes tremors � ALZHEIMER’S-dementia that causes problems with memory, thinking, behavior � ALS-disease where neurons controlling voluntary movement die �
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTION � Circulates body blood to nourish all the cells in the
CARDIOVASCULAR PARTS � Heart—four chambers; atria & ventricles � Blood vessels arteries—carry blood away from heart capillaries—carry blood between arterioles & venules veins—return blood to heart � Blood plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
DIAGRAM
CARDIOVASCULAR PROBLEMS � Congenital heart defects � Cardiovascular disease—high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke � Heart murmur—abnormal heart sounds � Varicose veins—weakened vein valves � Anemia—ability of blood to carry oxygen reduced � Leukemia—cancer involving white blood cells � Hemophilia—blood doesn’t clot properly
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM FUNCTION � BREATHING-EXCHANGE OF OXYGEN & CARBON DIOXIDE FROM THE LUNGS
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM PARTS � NOSE � TRACHEA-windpipe � LUNGS � BRONCHI-tubes leading into lungs � BRONCHIOLES- branches of the bronchi � AVEOLI-air sacs in the lungs where oxygen & carbon dioxide are exchanged
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM PROBLEMS � BRONCHITIS-inflammation of the bronchi � SINUSITIS- inflammation of sinuses � PNEUMONIA-infection of air sacs in lungs � ASTHMA-airways narrow, swell, & produce extra mucus � TUBERCULOSIS-caused by bacteria that attacks the lungs � EMPHYSEMA- disease that damages the air sacs in the lungs � LUNG CANCER
THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM FUNCTION � BASIC FUNCTION OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM INCLUDES: DIGESTION, ABSORPTION, & ELIMINATION � BREAKS DOWN FOOD AND ABSORBS THE NUTRIENTS WE NEED, THEN ELIMINATES THE WASTE
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM PARTS � TEETH, SALIVARY GLANDS, TONGUE � ESOPHAGUS-tube that food travels down to stomach � STOMACH-secretes acid & enzymes to begin digestion � LIVER- filters blood from digestive tract � APPENDIX-may help restore good bacteria after digestive sickness � GALLBLADDER-stores bile, helps with digestion of fatty foods � SMALL INTENSTINE-most absorption of nutrients takes place here � LARGE INTESTINE(COLON)-water absorption before waste is eliminated
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM DIAGRAM
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM PROBLEMS � CONSTIPATION-infrequent bowel movements � COLITIS-inflammation of the colon � COLON CANCER � HEARTBURN, INDIGESTION � DIRRARHEA, GAS, NAUSEA � APPENDICITIS-inflammation of the appendix � ULCERS-open sores on the lining of stomach or intestines � CIRROHSIS-scarring of the liver � CROHN’S DISEASE-inflammatory bowel disease � HEMORRHOIDS-swollen veins in anus or rectum
THE URINARY SYSTEM
URINARY SYSTEM FUNCTION � Filter waste and extra fluid from the blood
URINARY SYSTEM PARTS � Kidneys-bean-shaped organs that remove waste from the blood � Nephrons-filtering unit in kidneys � Ureters-tubes that connect kidneys to bladder � Bladder—storage organ for urine � Urethra-tube from bladder to outside of body that urine travels through
DIAGRAM-URINARY SYSTEM
URINARY SYSTEM PROBLEMS � Cystitis – inflammation of bladder � Urethritis—inflammation of urethra � Nephritis—inflammation of nephrons � Kidney stones � Uremia-decrease in blood filtration by kidneys � Kidney failure
THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM FUNCTION � SECRETES HORMONES INTO THE BLOOD
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM PARTS � PITUITARY GLAND- master gland that controls many other glands � THYROID GLAND-releases hormones that control metabolism � PINEAL GLAND-produces melatonin � ADRENAL GLANDS-helps with metabolism, blood pressure, & response to stress � HYPOTHALAMUS GLAND-regulates body temp � REPRODUCTIVE GLANDS-produces sex cells & hormones responsible for puberty & reproductive system function � PANCREAS-helps with digestion & blood sugar � HORMONES
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM DIAGRAM
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM PROBLEMS � DIABETES-disease where blood sugar is too high � GOITER-abnormal enlargement of thyroid gland � GRAVES’ DISEASE-causes overactive thryroid � HYPOTHYROIDISM-under-active thryroid � HYPERTHYROIDISM- overactive thryroid � CUSHING’S DISEASE- over production of cortisol
THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM FUNCTION � FIGHTS INFECTION AND PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE BODY’S IMMUNITY TO DISEASE
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM PARTS � SPLEEN-large lymph node, filters the blood � THYMUS GLAND-where T cells mature(infection fighting cells) � TONSILS-throat filters � LYMPHATIC VESSELS-carry lymph fluid � DUCTS-vessel that empties lymph into blood � NODES-filter and help fight infection
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM DIAGRAM
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM PROBLEMS � IMMUNE DEFICIENCY-immune system not working properly � HODGKIN’S DISEASE-cancer of the immune system � TONSILITIS- inflammation of the tonsils
CARE � Physical activity � Adequate rest � Well-balanced diet low in saturated fats, cholesterol, and salt � Maintain healthy weight � Avoid tobacco products, secondhand smoke, and drugs � Regular checkups
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