Systems Engineering at Goddard Space Flight Center Presented

Systems Engineering at Goddard Space Flight Center Presented by James Andary February 21, 2001 Joint Meeting with Chesapeake Chapter of INCOSE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ADVANCED CONCEPTS DIVISION

Agenda • Welcome & Introduction • Who we are – Vision & Mission – Organization • Agency, GSFC, STAAC, SEACD, SMO • What we do – Flight Projects Support • Role of Systems Engineer on a project – Advanced Concepts – Advanced Engineering Environments • IMDC, ISAL, ISE, VSDE – Support to Enterprises – Support to Office of Chief Engineer SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ADVANCED CONCEPTS DIVISION

Agenda (Continued) • Process – NPG 7120. 5, NASA Program and Project Management Processes and Requirements – EIA-632, Processes for Engineering a System – SP-6105, NASA Systems Engineering Handbook – AP 233, Systems Engineering Data Representation • New Initiatives – Systems Engineering Education and Development (SEED) Program – Systems Engineering Core Capability SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ADVANCED CONCEPTS DIVISION

“It is difficult to say what is impossible, for the dream of yesterday is the hope of today and the reality of tomorrow. ” Dr. Robert H. Goddard 1882 - 1945 SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ADVANCED CONCEPTS DIVISION 4

Vision & Mission The Systems Engineering and Advanced Concepts Division (SEACD) provides end-to end systems engineering for programs, missions and projects including innovative concepts, system architectures and systems for new missions, technologies and concepts. The Division develops implementation and risk mitigation strategies for the infusion of technologies, ensuring that systems technology advancements are carried from concept through final design. The Division performs technical systems engineering and tradeoffs across the full life cycle for NASA Enterprise and external customers. The missions include Space and Earth science as well as enabling technologies. SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ADVANCED CONCEPTS DIVISION

Goddard Space Flight Center Office of the Director Management Operations Directorate Space Science Directorate Office of System Safety and Mission Assurance Systems, Technology and Advanced Concepts Directorate Flight Programs and Projects Directorate Suborbital and Special Orbital Projects Directorate SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ADVANCED CONCEPTS DIVISION Applied Engineering and Technology Directorate Earth Science Directorate

Systems, Technology and Advanced Concepts Directorate Director of Project Formulation New Opportunities Office NASA Space Operations Management Office NASA Technology Integration Division Business Management Office Systems Engineering and Advanced Concepts Division Flight Instrument Division SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ADVANCED CONCEPTS DIVISION

Systems Engineering and Advanced Concepts Division Chief Systems Engineer • • • Reviews SE activities Audits SE processes and procedures Accountable to SMO Liaison to customers Responsible for SE training & tools Systems Engineering Support and Advanced Concepts Branch Deputy Division Chief Systems Engineer Business Management Group (400. 1) Earth Science Missions Branch Space Science Missions Branch SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ADVANCED CONCEPTS DIVISION

Systems Management Office SMO Charter • SMO is accountable to the Center Director and is a resource for program/project management – System Engineering -- Independent Cost Analysis – Requirements Management -- Verification and Validation – Risk Management -- ISO Certification – Systems Review -- Knowledge Management • SMO is responsible for Systems Management policy, guidelines and integrated independent assessments. • Programs/Projects and Systems Engineering are responsible for implementing Systems Management. SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ADVANCED CONCEPTS DIVISION

The NASA Strategic Enterprises Office of the Chief Engineer Earth Science Space Science The Office of the Administrator Human Development and Exploration of Space Aerospace Technology SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ADVANCED CONCEPTS DIVISION Biological and Physical Research

Space Science Enterprise Themes • SEC: Sun-Earth Connection • SEU: Structure and Evolution of the Universe • SSE: Solar System Exploration • ASO: Astronomical Search for Origins SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ADVANCED CONCEPTS DIVISION

Earth Science Enterprise Themes • Biology and Biogeochemistry of Ecosystems and the Global Carbon Cycle • Atmospheric Chemistry, Aerosols & Solar Radiation • Global Water & Energy Cycle • Oceans and Ice • Solid Earth Science • Earth System Modeling SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ADVANCED CONCEPTS DIVISION

Flight Projects Support Role of the Systems Engineer Ensure the system is designed, built, and operated so that it accomplishes its purpose in the most cost-effective way possible, considering performance, cost, schedule, and risk. SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ADVANCED CONCEPTS DIVISION

Advanced Engineering Environments • Integrated Mission Design Center (IMDC) – Collaborative engineering environment for rapid mission design studies • Instrument Synthesis and Analysis Laboratory (ISAL) – Transforms instrument design process by accelerating the capacity to create, design, validate and operate new instruments • Intelligent Synthesis Environment (ISE) – Vision is to affect a cultural change that integrates into practice widelydistributed science, technology and engineering teams to rapidly create innovative, affordable products. • Virtual System Design Environment (VSDE) – A suite of systems engineering tools available to all systems engineers SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ADVANCED CONCEPTS DIVISION

Support to the Office of Chief Engineer Orlando Figueroa's Five Major Points • Engineering Excellence in NASA – Advance engineering excellence in NASA & strengthen Systems Engineering • Process Documentation – PAPAC (Agency-wide process) Policy 7120 • Promote infrastructure to move to a collaborative environment – Advanced Engineering Environments • NASA Collaboration with National & International bodies (i. e. INCOSE) • Stimulate NASA Engineering participation in National Academy of Engineering SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ADVANCED CONCEPTS DIVISION

INCOSE Goals • Provide a focal point for dissemination of knowledge • Promote collaboration in systems engineering education and research • Establish professional standards for integrity in the practice of systems engineering • Improve professional status of all people engaged in the of practice of systems engineering • Encourage support from government and industry for research and educational programs SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ADVANCED CONCEPTS DIVISION

Systems Engineering Processes • NPG 7120. 5, NASA Program and Project Management Processes and Requirements • EIA-632, Processes for Engineering a System • SP-6105, NASA Systems Engineering Handbook • AP 233, Systems Engineering Data Representation SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ADVANCED CONCEPTS DIVISION

Program/Project Life Cycle Overview Within the Provide Aerospace Products and Capabilities (PAPAC) Process Pre. Formulation • Requirements • Trades • Concept Development Studies Formulation (PAPAC Subprocess) • Evolving Technology • Enabling Activities • Program/ Project Definition Approval (PAPAC Subprocess) • Proposal Review & Submission • Review • Independent Assessment • Approval Implementation (PAPAC Subprocess) • Establish Control • Manage Results • Design, Develop, & Sustain Systems • Deliver Products and Services OTHER CROSSCUTTING PROCESSES • Manage Strategically • Generate Knowledge • • Communicate Knowledge • SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ADVANCED CONCEPTS DIVISION Continuous Customer Involvement & Satisfaction Customer Requirements & Advocacy EVALUATION (PAPAC Subprocess)

Systems Engineering Lifecycle Phases Understand User Requirements, Develop System Concept and Validation Plan Demonstrate and Validate System to User Validation Plan Develop System Performance Specification and System Verification Plan Integrate System and Perform System Verification to Performance Specification Assemble CIs and Perform CI Verification to CI “Design-to” Specifications Evolve “Design-to” Specifications into “Build-to” Documentation and Inspection Plan Inspect to “Build-to” Documentation Fabricate, Assemble, and Code to “Build-to” Documentation Ve Int rif egr ica at tio ion n S an eq d ue nc & ion ce sit uen po Seq com on De initi f De e Expand Performance Specifications Into CI “Design-to” Specifications and Inspection Plan SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ADVANCED CONCEPTS DIVISION

Creating a Core Systems Engineering Capability Why a Core Systems Engineering Capability? • Provide improved systems engineering capability to the projects without just adding more systems engineers to the projects or requiring the projects to go to more support contractors for systems engineering. • Provide capability to address the new systems engineering requirements without increasing systems engineering assignments. • Assignment of a few civil servants and some support contractors to the core, if properly used, would preclude a larger number of systems engineers being added to the projects’ staffs. • For maximum productivity, the latest tools must be available and utilized. SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ADVANCED CONCEPTS DIVISION

Creating a Core Systems Engineering Capability The Systems Engineering Core • A small group of engineers who are experts in the systems engineering process, as well as those in training. • The nucleus of this group is comprised of civil servants who are supported by a larger number of support service contractors. • The core group supplies systems engineering expertise to all the programs and projects across the center and serves as a resource to all the collocated systems engineers. • Systems engineers are rotated through this core group as they come off of projects. • The core group acts as mentors to junior systems engineers in the SEED program and elsewhere. • A small number of civil servants are required for continuity of policy and to maintain systems engineering as a GSFC core competency. SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ADVANCED CONCEPTS DIVISION

Systems Engineering Core Competency AETD STAAC S. E. s in Training S. E. Advanced Concepts S. E. FPPD Project S. E. Instrument S. E. SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ADVANCED CONCEPTS DIVISION Mentoring

System Engineering Education & Development (SEED) • A cooperative effort of STAAC and AETD to develop promising discipline engineers and junior systems engineers into end-to-end mission systems engineers or instrument systems engineers. • Targeted at shortening the development cycle to under three years. • Focuses development through a curriculum of well-defined course work (defined through the DACUM process), rotational assignments through all phases of the NASA life cycle and mentorship from senior systems engineers. • The pilot program was initiated last year. – The participants have provided very positive feedback regarding rotations, courses and mentors. • Anticipate roll-out of the competitive announcement from OHR this Fall. SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ADVANCED CONCEPTS DIVISION

System Engineering Education & Development (SEED) Return to home organization PHASE I End-to-end Mission Systems Engineering And Discipline Systems Engineering Paths Administratively Detail To AETD GN&C Systems Engineering Branch Code 571 PHASE II No Continue in Program? Yes Reassignment To AETD GN&C SE Branch Rotational Assignment Examples: • Mission Work • IMDC • Innovative Concepts • Mission Director Educational Course Work • PPMI Systems Engineering • Space Mission Design and SEED Selection • Assign Mentor • Develop Career Roadmap • • • Analysis System Reliability & Quality Assurance PPMI System Requirements Management Instrument Design and Analysis Designing Cost Effective Space Missions Administratively Detail To AETD Electrical Systems Center (Code 560) System Design and Analysis System Verification & Validation Mission Operations Risk Mgmt & Decision Theory Project Mgmt for System Engineers • Strategic Thinking • Cost Analysis of Missions PHASE II PHASE I Instrument Systems Engineer (ISE) Path • • • Continue in Program? No Yes Reassignment To AETD Elect Systems Center or Instrument Technology Center Rotational Assignment Examples: • Instrument Work • ISAL • Innovative Concepts • Mission Director Return to home organization SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ADVANCED CONCEPTS DIVISION GRADUATION Greenbelt and Wallops Applicants Systems Engineering Selection Opportunities

Past Accomplishments SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ADVANCED CONCEPTS DIVISION

Launches in 2000 • EO-1/SAC-C Successfully launched November 21 • HETE II Successfully launched October 9 • NOAA-L Successfully launched September 21 • Cluster II (Part 2) Successfully launched August 9 • Cluster II Successfully launched July 16 • TDRS-H Successfully launched June 30 • GOES-L Successfully launched May 3 • IMAGE Successfully launched March 25 SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ADVANCED CONCEPTS DIVISION

GSFC’s Future • In the next ten years, we will provide leadership in implementing: Systematic measurement and NASA/NOAA transition missions to understand how the Earth is changing and the primary causes of change Missions to understand aspects of the coupled Sun-Earth system that directly affect life and society Large space observatories that take us to the limits of gravity, space and time AQUA AURA GCC NPP GPM E&H STP LWS NGST LISA GLAST Con-X MAXIM SPECS Large scale scientific computing and scientific research Technology development associated with large telescopes & highly distributed and coordinated space systems SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ADVANCED CONCEPTS DIVISION

Upcoming Launches for 2001 • Microwave Anisotropy Probe (MAP) • HESSI (SMEX 6) • TIMED/Jason • EOS-PM AQUA • Quik. TOMS SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ADVANCED CONCEPTS DIVISION

The Black Hole Imager: MAXIM Observatory Concept 32 optics (300 10 cm) held in phase with 600 m baseline to give 0. 3 micro arc sec Optics 1 km 10 km 34 formation flying spacecraft Combiner spacecraft 500 km System is adjustable on orbit to achieve larger baselines Black hole image! SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ADVANCED CONCEPTS DIVISION Detector spacecraft

Image a Black Hole! HST Image Direct image of a black hole event horizon M 87 0. 1 arc sec resolution - Fundamental importance to physics - Captures the imagination MAXIM 0. 1 micro arc sec resolution 4 -8 m arc sec Close to the event horizon the peak energy is emitted in Xrays SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ADVANCED CONCEPTS DIVISION

Looking Behind the Microwave Background The universe is totally transparent to gravitational radiation, right back to the beginning of time and opens a new window to view behind the microwave background. In the nearer term…. Polarization of the microwave background contains the signature of gravitational waves from the period of inflation Future vision mission CMBPOL mission will detect it SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ADVANCED CONCEPTS DIVISION A mission to follow LISA will search for this background radiation

Architecture of the Future Advanced Sensors Sensor Webs • Information Synthesis • Access to Knowledge Information SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ADVANCED CONCEPTS DIVISION User Community

Living With a Star Space weather and its effects on human activities SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ADVANCED CONCEPTS DIVISION

Summary: “Proud of the Past” SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ADVANCED CONCEPTS DIVISION

Summary: “Prepared for the Future” SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ADVANCED CONCEPTS DIVISION

References • SP-6105, NASA Systems Engineering Handbook • NPG 7120. 5, Program and Project Management Processes and Requirements • EIA Standard 632, Processes for Engineering a System • SED website: <http: //sed. gsfc. nasa. gov> SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ADVANCED CONCEPTS DIVISION