Systems and Scale How systems depend on CARBON

Systems and Scale How systems depend on CARBON and CHEMICAL ENERGY

What happens to a fuel when it burns?

Using Molecular Models 1. 2. 3. 4. Make models of an ethanol molecule (C 2 H 5 OH) and about 5 oxygen molecules (O 2, with a double bond) The heat of the flame breaks the bonds in the molecules, so they can come apart, so take your molecules back apart. Now they can recombine into carbon dioxide (CO 2) and water vapor (H 2 O). Make as many of these molecules as you can? Figure out numbers of molecules: a) b) 5. How many O 2 molecules do you need to combine with one ethanol molecule? How many CO 2 and H 2 O molecules are produced by burning one molecule? Write the chemical equation for the combustion reaction: C 2 H 5 OH + ? O 2 ? CO 2 + ? H 2 O

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Driving question What’s the hidden chemical change when alcohol burns?

Expressive form of Process Tool When ethanol burns, what happens to it and the things it needs to burn? Heat energy (in the air) Ethanol water carbon dioxide oxygen Before burning Mass of ethanol will decrease water Ethanol burning carbon dioxide oxygen After burning Predictions for change in mass

Analyze ethanol burning by filters at macroscopic scales Large scale Macroscopic Cellular Ethanol burning Atomic molecular Analyzing Filters Matter Material identity and transformation Energy forms and transformation Matter Movement All filters

Movement of ethanol burning at macroscopic world scales Large scale Macroscopic Cellular Atomic molecular Analyzing Filters Matter Material identity and transformation Energy forms and transformation Matter Movement All filters Back to blank

Energy transformation of ethanol burning at macroscopic world Large scale Heat energy scales Light and heat energy Chemical energy Macroscopic Cellular Ethanol burning Atomic molecular Analyzing Filters Matter Material identity and transformation Energy forms and transformation Matter Movement All filters Back to blank

Matter transformation of ethanol burning at macroscopic world Large scales Ethanol water (from wick (liquid) to flame (vapor)) (From flame to air) Macroscopic Cellular oxygen (From air to flame ) Ethanol burning carbon dioxide (From flame to air ) Atomic molecular Analyzing Filters Matter Material identity and transformation Energy forms and transformation Matter Movement All filters Back to blank

Transformation of ethanol burning at macroscopic world Heat energy Large scale (in the air) Light and heat energy Chemical energy scales Ethanol water (from wick (liquid) to flame (vapor)) (From flame to air) Macroscopic Cellular oxygen (From air to flame ) Ethanol burning carbon dioxide (From flame to air ) Atomic molecular Analyzing Filters Matter Material identity and transformation Energy forms and transformation Matter Movement All filters Back to blank

The bottom of flame at atomic-molecular world Ethanol mixed with air Ethanol vapor

The top of flame at atomic-molecular world Air with less O 2, more CO 2 and H 2 O vapor Ethanol mixed with air

What happened between the bottom and the top of the flame? Bottle of the flame Top of the flame

Analyze ethanol burning by filters at atomic molecular scale Large scales Macroscopic Cellular Atomic molecular Analyzing Filters Matter Material identity Matter transformation Energy forms and transformation All filters

Matter transformation of ethanol burning at atomic-molecular world Large scales Macroscopic C 2 H 5 OH H 2 O O 2 Cellular Atomic molecular Analyzing Filters Matter Material identity Matter transformation Energy forms and transformation All filters Back to blank

Matter movement of ethanol burning at atomic-molecular world Large scales Macroscopic C 2 H 5 OH H 2 O O 2 Cellular Atomic molecular Analyzing Filters Matter Material identity Matter transformation Energy forms and transformation All filters Back to blank

Transformation of ethanol burning at atomic-molecular world Large scale Heat energy Macroscopic Chemical energy (stored in bonds) (Move to the air ) scales Light and heat energy C 2 H 5 OH H 2 O O 2 Cellular Atomic molecular Analyzing Filters Matter Material identity Matter transformation Energy forms and transformation Next slide All filters Back to blank

Energy transformation of ethanol burning at atomic-molecular world Large scale Light and heat energy scales Macroscopic Cellular Chemical energy (stored in bonds) Heat energy (Move to the air ) Atomic molecular Analyzing Filters Matter Material identity Matter transformation Energy forms and transformation All filters Back to blank

Five Practices for Finding Chemical Change in Life and Lifestyles Practice What to Notice Principle or Rule to Follow The Materials Practice: Identify the materials that are changing: Reactants and products Organic materials: Foods, fuels, and living and dead organisms Gases: carbon dioxide, oxygen, and water vapor Conservation of matter: Chemical changes do not create or destroy matter; the amount of matter is the same in reactants and products The Mass/gases Practice: Find the masses of reactants and products All states of matter: solids, liquids, and gases all have mass Not energy: heat, light, work, and chemical energy do not have mass Conservation of mass: Chemical changes do not change mass; the mass of the reactants equals the mass of the products The Subsystems Practice: Find out what is happening in subsystems at the microscopic scale (cells) and the atomicmolecular scale (atoms and molecules) Atoms: carbon (C), oxygen (O), hydrogen (H), other atoms such as nitrogen (N), and phosphorous (P) Organic molecules that have C-C or C-H bonds Inorganic molecules, including CO 2, H 2 O, and O 2 Conservation of atoms: Chemical changes rearrange atoms into new molecules, but they do not create or destroy atoms The Energy Practice: Find out how energy is transformed in the event Chemical energy stored in the C-C and CH bonds of organic molecules Other forms of energy, including light, work (motion), and heat Conservation of energy: Chemical changes transform energy without changing the total amount of energy, BUT some energy is always changed into heat that cannot be reused The Large Scale Practice: Find out where the event fits in large-scale systems, including ecosystems and human energy systems Movement of carbon from pools of organic materials to inorganic materials and back again Flow of energy from sunlight to chemical energy to work and heat Matter cycles: carbon and other elements cycle between organic and inorganic materials Energy flows: sunlight is converted to chemical energy, then to work and heat

Does your explanation conserve matter? Practice What to Notice Principle or Rule to Follow The Materials Practice: Identify the materials that are changing: Reactants and products Organic materials: Foods, fuels, and living and dead organisms Gases: carbon dioxide, oxygen, and water vapor Conservation of matter: Chemical changes do not create or destroy matter; the amount of matter is the same in reactants and products The Mass/gases Practice: Find the masses of reactants and products All states of matter: solids, liquids, and gases all have mass Not energy: heat, light, work, and chemical energy do not have mass Conservation of mass: Chemical changes do not change mass; the mass of the reactants equals the mass of the products The Subsystems Practice: Find out what is happening in subsystems at the microscopic scale (cells) and the atomic-molecular scale (atoms and molecules) Atoms: carbon (C), oxygen (O), hydrogen (H), other atoms such as nitrogen (N), and phosphorous (P) Organic molecules that have C-C or C-H bonds Inorganic molecules, including CO 2, H 2 O, and O 2 Conservation of atoms: Chemical changes rearrange atoms into new molecules, but they do not create or destroy atoms The Energy Practice: Find out how energy is transformed in the event Chemical energy stored in the C-C and C-H bonds of organic molecules Other forms of energy, including light, work (motion), and heat Conservation of energy: Chemical changes transform energy without changing the total amount of energy, BUT some energy is always changed into heat that cannot be reused The Large Scale Practice: Find out where the event fits in large-scale systems, including ecosystems and human energy systems Movement of carbon from pools of organic materials to inorganic materials and back again Flow of energy from sunlight to chemical energy to work and heat Matter cycles: carbon and other elements cycle between organic and inorganic materials Energy flows: sunlight is converted to chemical energy, then to work and heat

Does your explanation conserve atoms? Practice What to Notice Principle or Rule to Follow The Materials Practice: Identify the materials that are changing: Reactants and products Organic materials: Foods, fuels, and living and dead organisms Gases: carbon dioxide, oxygen, and water vapor Conservation of matter: Chemical changes do not create or destroy matter; the amount of matter is the same in reactants and products The Mass/gases Practice: Find the masses of reactants and products All states of matter: solids, liquids, and gases all have mass Not energy: heat, light, work, and chemical energy do not have mass Conservation of mass: Chemical changes do not change mass; the mass of the reactants equals the mass of the products The Subsystems Practice: Find out what is happening in subsystems at the microscopic scale (cells) and the atomic-molecular scale (atoms and molecules) Atoms: carbon (C), oxygen (O), hydrogen (H), other atoms such as nitrogen (N), and phosphorous (P) Organic molecules that have C-C or C-H bonds Inorganic molecules, including CO 2, H 2 O, and O 2 Conservation of atoms: Chemical changes rearrange atoms into new molecules, but they do not create or destroy atoms The Energy Practice: Find out how energy is transformed in the event Chemical energy stored in the C-C and C-H bonds of organic molecules Other forms of energy, including light, work (motion), and heat Conservation of energy: Chemical changes transform energy without changing the total amount of energy, BUT some energy is always changed into heat that cannot be reused The Large Scale Practice: Find out where the event fits in large-scale systems, including ecosystems and human energy systems Movement of carbon from pools of organic materials to inorganic materials and back again Flow of energy from sunlight to chemical energy to work and heat Matter cycles: carbon and other elements cycle between organic and inorganic materials Energy flows: sunlight is converted to chemical energy, then to work and heat

Does your explanation conserve energy? Practice What to Notice Principle or Rule to Follow The Materials Practice: Identify the materials that are changing: Reactants and products Organic materials: Foods, fuels, and living and dead organisms Gases: carbon dioxide, oxygen, and water vapor Conservation of matter: Chemical changes do not create or destroy matter; the amount of matter is the same in reactants and products The Mass/gases Practice: Find the masses of reactants and products All states of matter: solids, liquids, and gases all have mass Not energy: heat, light, work, and chemical energy do not have mass Conservation of mass: Chemical changes do not change mass; the mass of the reactants equals the mass of the products The Subsystems Practice: Find out what is happening in subsystems at the microscopic scale (cells) and the atomic-molecular scale (atoms and molecules) Atoms: carbon (C), oxygen (O), hydrogen (H), other atoms such as nitrogen (N), and phosphorous (P) Organic molecules that have C-C or C-H bonds Inorganic molecules, including CO 2, H 2 O, and O 2 Conservation of atoms: Chemical changes rearrange atoms into new molecules, but they do not create or destroy atoms The Energy Practice: Find out how energy is transformed in the event Chemical energy stored in the C-C and C-H bonds of organic molecules Other forms of energy, including light, work (motion), and heat Conservation of energy: Chemical changes transform energy without changing the total amount of energy, BUT some energy is always changed into heat that cannot be reused The Large Scale Practice: Find out where the event fits in large-scale systems, including ecosystems and human energy systems Movement of carbon from pools of organic materials to inorganic materials and back again Flow of energy from sunlight to chemical energy to work and heat Matter cycles: carbon and other elements cycle between organic and inorganic materials Energy flows: sunlight is converted to chemical energy, then to work and heat

Burning materials Methane Butane Propane Ethanol Octane

The End