SYSTEMS ANALYSIS DESIGN INTRODUCTION TO Systems Analysis and

SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN INTRODUCTION TO Systems Analysis and Design Shelly Cashman Rosenblatt

Intro Chapter 1 2 Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 4 E

Intro Objectives 3 à Discuss the impact of information technology on business operations à Describe an information system and explain its components and characteristics à Identify common types of information systems and explain who uses them à Distinguish between structured analysis and object-oriented methodology SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 4 E

Intro Objectives 4 à Explain systems development techniques and tools, including modeling, prototyping, and CASE tools à Describe the systems development life cycle à Discuss the role of the information technology department and the systems analysts who work there SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 4 E

Intro 5 Introduction à Why do businesses depend on information more than ever? à Global competition à Intense pressure for quality à Information technology can mean the difference between survival and failure SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 4 E Click to see Figure 1 -1

Intro 6 Introduction à What is required for successful business information systems? à The right hardware and software à A team of talented, motivated people who use information technology to achieve business goals Click to see Figure 1 -2 SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 4 E Click to see Figure 1 -3

Intro 7 Introduction IBM summed it up this way: “Information system professionals need to work closely with managers and users to create a shared business model…” SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 4 E Click to see Figure 1 -4

Intro Business Process Modeling à Business process modeling is used to represent a company’s operations and information needs SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 4 E 8

Intro 9 Systems and Procedures à Business process modeling is used to represent a company’s operations and information needs à Business profiles, models, and processes àBusiness profile àBusiness model àBusiness process reengineering SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 4 E Click to see Figure 1 -5

Intro Information System Components à Mission critical systems SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 4 E Click to see Figure 1 -6 10

Intro Information System Components à Mission critical systems à Hardware à Software à Data à Processes à People Click to see Figure 1 -7 Click to see Figure 1 -8 SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 4 E Click to see Figure 1 -9 11

Intro Information System Components à Hardware is the physical layer of the information system SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 4 E 12

Intro Information System Components 13 à Software à System software controls the hardware and software environment and includes the operating system à Application software consists of programs that process data to produce information SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 4 E

Intro Information System Components 14 à Data stored in files and databases is a vital component of every system SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 4 E Click to see Figure 1 -10

Intro Information System Components 15 à Processes define the tasks that must be performed by users, managers, and IS staff SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 4 E

Intro Information System Components 16 à People who use the system are called users, or end users, and include employees, customers, vendors, or others who interact with the system SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 4 E

Intro Business Information Systems 17 à Companies are classified based on their main activities: à Production-oriented (industrial ) companies that manufacture & sell goods à Service companies that mainly offer information, services, or sell goods made by others à Internet-dependent firms – dot-com (. com) SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 4 E Click to see Figure 1 -11

Intro Business Information Systems à The growth of e-commerce à B 2 C (Business-to-Consumer) à B 2 B (Business-to-Business) à New roles and opportunities for systems analysts SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 4 E 18

Intro Business Information Systems 19 à Characteristics of business information systems à 4 main characteristics affect a business information system’s complexity àRelationships with other systems àBoundaries àSpecialized business needs àSize of the company SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 4 E Click to see Figure 1 -12

Intro Types of Information Systems à Traditional categories àOperational systems àManagement information systems àDecision support systems àExecutive information systems àExpert systems àOffice systems SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 4 E 20

Intro Types of Information Systems à Enterprise computing systems àSupport company-wide data management requirements àEnterprise resource planning (ERP) SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 4 E Click to see Figure 1 -13 21

Intro Types of Information Systems à Transaction processing systems àTransaction processing (TP) and online transaction processing (OLTP) àTP captures data and triggers updates àData integrity SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 4 E Click to see Figure 1 -14 22

Intro Types of Information Systems 23 à Business support systems àProvide job-related information to users at all levels in the company àManagement information systems (MIS) àWhat-if analysis àDecision support SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 4 E Click to see Figure 1 -15

Intro Types of Information Systems 24 à Knowledge management systems àExpert systems àSimulate human reasoning by combining data with inference rules àFuzzy logic SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 4 E Click to see Figure 1 -16

Intro Types of Information Systems 25 à User productivity systems àTools to improve quality and job performance àWord processing is an example à Information systems integration àImportant that all information systems can communicate intelligently SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 4 E

Intro 26 Organizational Structure à Four organizational levels àOperational employees àEmpowerment àLower management àOperational plans àMiddle management àTactical planning àTop management àStrategic planning SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 4 E Click to see Figure 1 -17

Systems Development Techniques and Tools Intro 27 à Modeling à Graphical representation of a concept or process à Business model à Requirements model à Data model à Object model à Network model à Process model SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 4 E

Systems Development Techniques and Tools Intro 28 à Prototyping à Early working version of the system à Allows analysis before final decisions are made SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 4 E

Systems Development Techniques and Tools Intro 29 à Computer-aided systems engineering (CASE) à Framework for systems design and analysis à Upper CASE tools à Lower CASE tools SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 4 E Click to see Figure 1 -18

Systems Development Techniques and Tools à Joint application development and rapid application development à JAD – Team based fact finding techniques à RAD – Condense development process SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 4 E Intro 30

Systems Development Techniques and Tools à Other systems development tools à Word processing à Spreadsheets à Presentation software SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 4 E Click to see Figure 1 -19 Intro 31

Overview of Systems Development Methodologies Intro 32 à Structured Analysis à Process-centered à Uses systems development life cycle (SDLC) à Developing into a technique known as information engineering SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 4 E Click to see Figure 1 -20

Overview of Systems Development Methodologies à Object-oriented analysis à Object is a member of a class à Class is a collection of similar objects à Objects possess properties à Methods change properties of objects and describe object behavior à Messages are sent between objects SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 4 E Click to see Figure 1 -21 Intro 33

Overview of Systems Development Methodologies à Other development methodologies à Microsoft Solutions Framework (MSF) à Popkin Software CASE tool Click to see Figure 1 -22 SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 4 E Click to see Figure 1 -23 Intro 34

Systems Development Life Cycle à Systems planning à Systems analysis à Systems design à Systems implementation à Systems operation and support à Waterfall model SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 4 E Click to see Figure 1 -24 Intro 35

Systems Development Life Cycle à Systems planning à Systems analysis à Systems design à Systems implementation à Systems operation and support à Waterfall model à Interactive model SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 4 E Click to see Figure 1 -25 Intro 36

Intro Systems Development Life Cycle 37 à Systems planning à Purpose – identify problem’s nature/scope à Systems request – begins the process & describes desired changes/improvements à Systems planning – includes preliminary investigation or feasibility study à End product – preliminary investigation report SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 4 E

Intro Systems Development Life Cycle 38 à Systems analysis à Purpose is to learn exactly how the current system operates à Fact-finding or requirements determination is used to define all functions of the current system SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 4 E

Intro Systems Development Life Cycle 39 à Options à Develop a system in-house à Purchase a commercial package à Modify an existing system à Stop development à The end product for this phase is the systems requirements document SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 4 E

Intro Systems Development Life Cycle 40 à Systems design àPurpose is to satisfy all documented requirements àIdentify all outputs, inputs, files, manual procedures, & application programs àAvoid misunderstanding through manager and user involvement àEnd product is system design specification SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 4 E

Intro Systems Development Life Cycle 41 à Systems implementation àConstruct/deliver information system àPrepares functioning, documented system àWrite, test, document application programs àUser and manager approval obtained àFile conversion occurs àUsers, managers, IS staff trained to operate and support the system àPost-implementation evaluation performed SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 4 E

Intro Systems Development Life Cycle à Systems operation and support àNew system supports business operations àMaintenance changes correct errors or meet requirements àEnhancements increase system capability àAfter several years of operation, systems experience need for extensive changes àSystems development life cycle ends with system replacement SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 4 E 42

Intro Systems Development Life Cycle 43 à Systems development guidelines àStick to a plan àInvolve users àIdentify milestones àEstablish checkpoints àBe flexible àProvide accurate and reliable cost and benefit information SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 4 E

Intro Information Technology Department 44 à Operations group responsible for centralized computers and processing à Technical support group installs and supports systems software and serves in an advisory and support capacity to other groups in the IS department SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 4 E Click to see Figure 1 -26

Intro Information Systems Department à Application development à Systems support à User support à Database administration à Network administration à Web support SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 4 E 45

Intro The Systems Analyst Position à à Responsibilities Required skills and background Certification issues Career opportunities SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 4 E Click to see Figure 1 -27 46

Intro SOFTWEAR, LIMITED à Background and history à Company organization chart à IT department structure SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 4 E 47

Intro SOFTWEAR, LIMITED 48 à Background and history à Manufactures and sells casual and recreational clothing à Formed in 1991 à $250 million total 1997 sales à Total of 450 employees à California & Texas manufacturing plants à 125 people work at SWL’s headquarters in Raleigh, N. C. à SWL maintains a Web site SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 4 E

Intro 49 SOFTWEAR, LIMITED à Company organization chart à President, Robert Lansing – four direct reports à Vice President Operations, David Josephs à Vice President Marketing, Amy Neal à Vice President Finance, Michael Jeremy à Vice President Human Resources, Tina Pham SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 4 E Click to see Figure 1 -28

Intro 50 SOFTWEAR, LIMITED à Company organization chart à President, Robert Lansing – four direct reports à Vice President Operations, David Josephs à Vice President Marketing, Amy Neal à Vice President Finance, Michael Jeremy à Director of Information Technology, Ann Hon, reports to the Vice President Finance, Michael Jeremy à Vice President Human Resources, Tina Pham SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 4 E Click to see Figure 1 -29

Intro 51 SOFTWEAR, LIMITED à IT department structure à Director of Information Technology, Ann Hon, has three direct reports àManager Systems Support, Jane Rossman àManager User Support, Kerry Krauss àManager Web Support, Altovise Martin SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 4 E Click to see Figure 1 -30

Intro 52 End Chapter 1 SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 4 E