System of impact factors on human movement The

System of impact factors on human movement The International Christmas Post-graduate School "Qualitative and Quantitative Research in Sport Science” 6 -10 th December 2006 Berzsenyi College – Szombathely Hungary Jan Novotný Dept. of Sport Medicine Faculty of Sports Studies Masaryk University Brno - Czech Republic novotny@fsps. muni. cz

System of impact factors on human movement OUTLINES • Aim of the lecture • Limiting factors of athletes´ performances Supplement • • Systemic approach to the scientific problems What is the system of factors? Systematic determination of factors and relations Strings of factors and relations • Recommendation for the construction of the system • Example of student's impact factor system • Assignment for students to discussion

System of impact factors on human movement Aim of the lecture and systemic approach SUPPORT OF RESEARCH PROJECTS planning – strategy and method selection hypothesis construction - result interpretation conclusions TO CONTRIBUTE TO SYSTEMIC SOLUTION OF COMPLICATED SCIENTIFIC PROBLEMS (Exercise of diabetics) TO ANSWER TO SCIENTIFIC QUESTIONS (What exercise intensity is optimal for diabetics? )

System of impact factors on human movement GROUPS OF LIMITING FACTORS OF ATHLET´S PERFORMANCE Social component Family School Job Friends Genetic factors Age - Gender Mental component Habitual activities Hobbies Dependence Spirituality Training, competition Physical loading Regeneration Neural component ATHLET´S PERFORMANCE SUPPLEMENT EXOGENOUS Environment Time Muscle-skeletal component Anthropometric component Metabolic component Cardio-respiratory component ENDOGENOUS

System of impact factors on human movement Attributes of the systemic approach (P. Janíček, E. Ondráček, 1998) 1. Definition of terms, explication of the sense. 2. Analysis of a situation and problem. 3. Detection and description of objects, processes on, and relations among one. 4. Non-isolated evaluation of objects. 5. Complex hierarchical understanding and solution of a problem. 6. Object evaluation at time dependence. 7. Irreplaceability of human factor. 8. Final analysis and verification of the system.

System of impact factors on human movement What is the system of factors? Diagram of a simplified example SYSTEM = SET OF STATE OF THE DIABETES control complications LEVEL OF ADAPTATION TO THE STRESS FACTORS ELEMENTS VARIABLES GENDER GENOTYPE AND RELATIONS REACTION OF DIABETICS TO EXERCISE ? EXERCISE Intensity, duration. . . EXTERNAL CONDITIONS

System of impact factors on human movement Systematic determination of the factors and relations To find and describe variables and relations among them - cause (independent factor) - consequence (dependent factor) MENTAL STRESS MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS - multiple cause - multiple consequence - reciprocal influence/impact GLYCAEMIA BLOOD PRESS To think about weight of factor influence/impact (aim of research).

System of impact factors on human movement A lot of „independent“ factors, dependent factor I If then MOTIVATION is very high and HEIGHT is 134 cm and HEART has EF>60% and KNEE has flexion 0 -120 o ABILITY TO ADAPTED BASKETBAL is good.

System of impact factors on human movement AIM OF SCIENCE = FIND UP STRINGS OF FACTORS AND RELATIONS HYPOTHESIS VERIFICATION NEW PIECE OF KNOWLEDGE - NEW TOOL FOR SOLUTION OF LIFE PROBLEMS MOTIVATION + HEIGHT + HEART + KNEE EF I H H L L H - HIGH ABILITY TO BASKETBALL L - LOW H L F I F - FULL I - IMPAIRMENT EXCELENT GOOD BAD

System of impact factors on human movement Steps of the system construction (modification by P. Janíček and E. Ondráček, 1998) 1. DETERMINATION AND ANALYSIS OF OBJECT (Diabetic) 2. DETERMINATION, ANALYSIS AND FORMULATION OF PROBLEM (Exercise of diabetic) 3. FORMULATION OF AIMS FOR SOLUTION OF THE PROBLEM (To find an optimal exercise intensity for diabetics) 4. ANALYSIS AND DETERMINATION OF LIMITATION, URGENCY etc. OF THE PROBLEM (Number and compliance of patient, Financial conditions, Time, Personnel, Tradition, etc. ) 5. SYNTHESIS OF THE SYSTEM - Detection and description of objects and relations (State of diabetes, Specific diabetic complications, Reaction to the exercise, Exercise – volume, intensity; Preferred exercises, Safety limit of exercise intensity)

System of impact factors on human movement Recommendations for construction of the system? 1. INSPIRATION in an epicentre of selected scientific problem (REAL SYSTEM) - To watch objects during action (diabetic). - To talk with involved people (parents, doctor, teacher. . . ). 2. INSPIRATION: - To study of literature sources (Current contents. TO. . . ). ENRICH - To consult with experts. AND - To use experience. TUNE 3. TO COLLECT FACTORS AND RELATIONS: TUNE THE SYSTEM TO DRAW A DIAGRAM (see next example) and TO DESCRIBE (ABSTRACT SYSTEM). 4. TO RECOGNIZE: REPETITION - factors (aerobic capacity) → definition, - indicators of the factors (VO 2 max) → what and why to measure, - type of values (quantitative - numerical - ml/kg. min) → how to measure

System of impact factors on human movement Example of student's impact factor system How do a value orientation impact a gymnast's performance? (Jalovecká, 20 October 2006) Age Gender Mental type Family Friends Press TV Value orientation Training Regeneration ? Motivation Effort Gymnast's performance Somatotype Physiological functions Technical equipment Physical fitness pondered psychological study - cross-section - questionnaires

System of impact factors on human movement Assignment for students Think up, draw, and describe factors and relations of your research problem in a diagram to next discussion. Orientation in a space and among factors is a important.

System of impact factors on human movement CONCLUSIONS 1. The human movement is impacted by a lot of factors. 2. The research on the field needs a systemic approach. 3. The creation the factor system (diagram), and its systematic improving, supports a research project realization planning – strategy and method selection – hypothesis construction - result interpretation – conclusions. 4. The creation of the factor system demands time. Hurried scientist don't notice simple reason of worse performance – athlete was late on the start. Start of triathlon in Brno 2006 -

Pictures from courses of Faculty of Sports Studies Thank you for your attention. www. fsps. muni. cz/~novotny – Szombathely 2006