SYSTEM ANDOR BEHAVIOUR CHANGE Lars Kjerulf Petersen environmental

SYSTEM AND/OR BEHAVIOUR CHANGE Lars Kjerulf Petersen, environmental sociologist AARHUS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE STAY GROUNDED WEBINAR 29 OCTOBER 2019 LARS KJERULF PETERSEN SENIOR RESEARCHER

2 5 / 0 9 EXAMPLES Di. Caprio + Schwarzenegger + flow of media stories + karate friend + flat mate → Reduced meat consumption (but not when in company with old network) Media stories about plastic pollution + info about pollution sources + vegan ethics + old knitting skills →From synthetic to self knitted dishcloth / 2 Government decisions regarding solar panels + media stories about these decisions → Rush of solar panel installations on single family houses 0 New infrastructure + campaigning → Significantly reduced water consumption in DK 2 AARHUS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE STAY GROUNDED WEBINAR 29 OCTOBER 2019 LARS KJERULF PETERSEN SENIOR RESEARCHER

UNDERSTANDING PRACTICE CHANGE 2 5 / Inadequate conception: • The ABC model (attitude, behaviour, change) • Dissemination of correct science Attitude change Behaviour change • Rational choice approach • Individuals choose specific behaviour to optimize own benefit (and reduce cost) 0 9 / 2 But people’s actions are not a matter of individual choice • • Actions are routinized Actions are constrained and conditioned by materiality Actions are socially and ethically conditioned (not just cost/benefit assessments) Actions are shaped through the embodiment of competences 0 2 AARHUS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE STAY GROUNDED WEBINAR 29 OCTOBER 2019 LARS KJERULF PETERSEN SENIOR RESEARCHER

PRACTICE THEORY 2 5 / Understanding people’s actions and behavioural change • Not focus on individual choice • Whether identity formation or benefit optimization • Not focus on structures that determine actions • Focus on the actions themselves: doings, saying, social practices 0 9 / 2 Different factors shape social practice (i. e. people’s actions) and practice changes • • Meanings Competences Materials Regulations 0 2 AARHUS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE STAY GROUNDED WEBINAR 29 OCTOBER 2019 LARS KJERULF PETERSEN SENIOR RESEARCHER

MEANINGS 2 5 / 0 9 / 2 0 Meanings / orientations • Conceptions of the good life • Travelling and flying • Ethics and behavioural norms • Cultural openness, meeting other people and cultures • That which is done, mimesis − and its weird opposite: that which is not yet done • Bucket lists (‘you must see’), travels as conversation topic, non-travellers are weird Changing meanings are an integral part of changing practices • New meanings are developed through communicative actions • Campaigning, media • Travel journalism, blogging and youtubing etc. 2 AARHUS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE STAY GROUNDED WEBINAR 29 OCTOBER 2019 LARS KJERULF PETERSEN SENIOR RESEARCHER

MATERIALITIES 2 5 / 0 9 Materialities • Infrastructures • Railways, roads, bike lanes, footpaths, airports, stations • Machinery and its properties • Bikes, cars, airplanes, trains, • Speed, accessibility, comfort, • ICT software and applications • Support for ticket purchase, travel planning and spatial orientation / 2 All these constrain, enable and condition certain travel and mobility practices 0 2 AARHUS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE STAY GROUNDED WEBINAR 29 OCTOBER 2019 LARS KJERULF PETERSEN SENIOR RESEARCHER

COMPETENCES 2 5 / 0 9 / 2 Competences • Knowing how and what to do • Embodied to the point of (un-reflected) routine • And not knowing how to navigate alternative practices • E. g. riding a bike, driving a car, • But also online booking and check-in, finding your way • Knowing and considering alternatives (example: café ladies) A core element in practice change is to develop and communicate new competences and incorporate them in daily routines • Being able to navigate train travel (across borders) 0 2 AARHUS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE STAY GROUNDED WEBINAR 29 OCTOBER 2019 LARS KJERULF PETERSEN SENIOR RESEARCHER

REGULATION 2 5 / 0 9 / 2 Regulation • Taxes and fees • for instance on airplane fuels • Prohibitions, standards and limits • For instance for noise and NOx-emissions • But also work place rules • For instance for choosing transport mode Regulation is often announced to the public through some sort of campaigning • It also feeds into and reflects meanings • Sometimes (rarely) it is changed as an effect of campaigning 0 2 AARHUS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE STAY GROUNDED WEBINAR 29 OCTOBER 2019 LARS KJERULF PETERSEN SENIOR RESEARCHER

2 5 / 0 9 / 2 EXAMPLE: INCREASING SOURCE SEPARATION Increasing separation and recycling of household waste • Changing infrastructures and equipment • Appealing to behavioural norms • Not let resources go to waste • Protect nature and environment • Maintain neat and orderly living spaces • Teaching new competences • Formulating new rules and their enforcement • From EU level to housing associations 0 2 AARHUS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE STAY GROUNDED WEBINAR 29 OCTOBER 2019 LARS KJERULF PETERSEN SENIOR RESEARCHER

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