Synthetic and Natural Organic Polymer Chapter 25 Copyright
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Synthetic and Natural Organic Polymer Chapter 25 Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
A polymer is a high molar mass molecular compound made up of many repeating chemical units. Naturally occurring polymers • Proteins • Nucleic acids • Cellulose • Rubber Synthetic polymers • Nylon • Dacron • Lucite 25. 1
The simple repeating unit of a polymer is the monomer. Homopolymer is a polymer made up of only one type of monomer ( CF 2 )n Teflon ( CH 2 )n Polyethylene ( CH 2 CH )n Cl PVC 25. 2
Copolymer is a polymer made up of two or more monomers ( CH CH 2 CH CH CH 2 )n Styrene-butadiene rubber 25. 2
Stereoisomers of Polymers R groups on same side of chain Isotactic R groups alternate from side to side Syndiotactic R groups disposed at random Atactic
Proteins Amino acids are the basic structural units of proteins. An amino acid is a compound that contains at least one amino group (-NH 2) and at least one carboxyl group (-COOH) H O +H 3 N C C O - + + H 3 N C C O R 2 R 1 Peptide bond H O +H 3 N C C O - + H 2 O R 1 H R 2 25. 3
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Protein Structure Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen R group The structure is held in position by intramolecular hydrogen bonds (………) Hydrogen 25. 3
Protein Structure 25. 3
Protein Structure Intermolecular Forces in a Protein Molecule ionic forces hydrogen bonds dispersion forces ionic forces dispersion forces dipole-dipole forces 25. 3
Hydrogen Bonds in Parallel and Antiparallel b-pleated Sheets 25. 3
Protein Structure The structural changes that occur when oxygen binds to the heme group in hemoglobin. 25. 3
Nucleic Acids Nucleic acids are high molar mass polymers that play an essential role in protein synthesis. 1. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) 2. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) DNA molecule has 2 helical strands. Each strand is made up of nucleotides. 25. 4
The Components of the Nucleic Acids DNA and RNA 25. 4
Base-Pair Formation by Adenine and Thymine and by Cytosine and Guanine 25. 4
Chemistry In Action: DNA Fingerprinting 25. 4