Synthesis Make me a molecule Chemistry Biology Materials

첨단화학의 이해 Synthesis Make me a molecule Chemistry Biology Materials

첨단화학의 이해 DNA, Genes, and Proteins

첨단화학의 이해 Genomics, Proteomics and Chemical Genetics Genomics Control Biological Functions Gene Sequence: - ~30, 000 genes - unable to identify therapeutic targets - no protein function and Proteomics disease relevance Drug Discovery Chemical Genetics Protein Function: Small Molecules: - purification and structure - modulate biological determination functions of proteins - ~100, 000 proteins in human - 75% no known cellular functions

첨단화학의 이해 Protein Function (Drug Action) protein false signal deactivate protein function normal signal activate protein function

첨단화학의 이해 Selected Medications of 20 th Century

첨단화학의 이해 Selected Medications of 20 th Century

첨단화학의 이해 Target-Oriented Organic Synthesis Known active sites of target proteins Design and synthesis of target molecules biological effects

첨단화학의 이해 Diversity-Oriented Organic Synthesis unknown proteins 이상 Library of diverse small molecules 정상

첨단화학의 이해 Combinatorial Chemistry

첨단화학의 이해 Combinatorial Library • • 4 개의 monomer Nn Combinations 44 = 256개 tetramer

첨단화학의 이해 Solid Phase Synthesis의 기본원리 resin + monomer shake wash resin cleavage

첨단화학의 이해 Solid-Phase Synthesis of Peptides In 1960 s, Bruce Merrifield: peptide synthesis from amino acids polymer bead amino acid cleave peptide

첨단화학의 이해 Solid Phase Library Synthesis • polymer supported synthesis: easy purification • fast generation of diverse library of molecules in few steps • limited reactions compared to solution reactions v. Split-Mix (split-pool) synthesis v Parallel synthesis

첨단화학의 이해 tag each bead! Split-Mix Process Mix-Split Couple 33= 27

첨단화학의 이해 Parallel synthesis - no tagging beads! - synthesis of small number of focused library

첨단화학의 이해 Solid Phase Library In 1991 s, Houghten & Lam: synthesis of a huge peptide library 20 amino acids Solid-phase synthesis 202 = 400 dipeptides DNA: fully automatic (solution) peptide 203 = 8000 tripeptides 204 = 160, 000 tetrapeptides carbohydrate small molecule (drug-like) ln 1992, Jon Ellman: synthesis of non-peptide drug-like molecules by solid phase synthesis

첨단화학의 이해 Combination of Chemical Building Blocks 2, 180, 106 compounds

첨단화학의 이해 Virtual Library virtual library: computer simulated fitting of virtual molecules with the active site of the target enzyme Novel compounds that bind to enzymes or receptors can be discovered by finding two fragments that bind and then synthetically combining

첨단화학의 이해 Applications of Combinatorial Chemistry Chemical biology: diversity-oriented synthesis of small organic molecules Pharmaceutical industry: rapid synthesis of a huge number of drug-like molecules Material science: new approach for the discovery of new materials Catalyst discovery: fast discovery of new catalysts

첨단화학의 이해 Supramolecular Chemistry

첨단화학의 이해 1. Molecular chemistry- Covalent bond urea 150 years ago palytoxin

첨단화학의 이해 초분자 화학 2. Supramolecular chemistry- Chemistry beyond molecules Assembly of molecules – Molecular recognition Non-covalent bonds: - electrostatic forces - hydrogen bonds - van der Waals interactions - dipole interactions - hydrophobic interactions, etc 1987 노벨화학상: 초분자화학 Charles Pedersen, Jean-Marie Lehn, and Donald J. Cram

첨단화학의 이해 DNA and Hydrogen Bonds

첨단화학의 이해 DNA and Hydrogen Bonds Which pair forms stronger hydrogen bonds? And Why?

첨단화학의 이해 DNA and Hydrogen Bonds

첨단화학의 이해 New Materials Based on Hydrogen Bonds

첨단화학의 이해 Crown Ethers 18 -crown-6 15 -crown-5

첨단화학의 이해 Preorganized Ionophores Preorganization: both binding affinity and selectivity are considerably increased W. C. Still D. J. Cram

첨단화학의 이해 Anion Recognition

첨단화학의 이해 Anion Recognition

첨단화학의 이해 Chemosensors Signals: - fluorescence - color - electric signal. . .

첨단화학의 이해 Chemosensors 1 only Hg 2+ Ag+ Cu 2+ Cd 2+ Pb 2+ Zn 2+

첨단화학의 이해 Molecular Machine

첨단화학의 이해 생체 분자기계 Linear movement - muscle (myosin moving along an actin filament) ATP Synthase Bacterial Flagellar Motor

첨단화학의 이해 Interlocked Molecules Rotaxane Rota (wheel) + axis (axle) Catenane Catena (chain)

첨단화학의 이해 인공 분자기계 A catenane-based switching device for electric circuits.

첨단화학의 이해 인공 분자기계 Catenane-based molecular rotor. A unidirectional rotation of the small rings along the large ring is achieved by their sequential complexation and decomplexation with four station parts A-D on exposure to light, heat, and chemical stimuli.

첨단화학의 이해 인공 분자기계 Chiral molecular motor composed of a tetrasubstituted alkene. Photoinduced and thermal-induced unidirectional rotation.