Syntax Word patterns English 306 A Harris 1

Syntax Word patterns English 306 A; Harris 1

Syntactic arguments Syntactic form • • Syntactic functions Sentence patterns Grammatical roles Phrase structure rules Hierarchical structure • • Event schemata Semantic roles Salience “Energy” flow S NP N Homer preens V P V Homer preens DOING Agent: Homer English 306 A; Harris 2

Linear Sequence English basic sentence patterns (p. 89) V 1 V 2 V 3 VCOP VCOMP VT-COMP 1 argument Intransitive 2 arguments Transitive 3 arguments Ditransitive 2 arguments (1= complement) Copulative Complement 2 argument (1=complement) Transitive-complement 3 arguments (1=complement) English 306 A; Harris 3

S NP VP NPs V 1 Homer preens. V 2 Homer loves his blanket. V 3 Homer throws the dog a bone. VCOP Homer is sexy. VCOMP Homer goes to the bar. VT-COMP Homer throws a bone to the dog. English 306 A; Harris 4

S NP VP NPs V 1 Homer preens. V 2 Homer loves his blanket. V 3 Homer throws the dog a bone. VCOP Homer is sexy. VCOMP Homer goes to the bar. VT-COMP Homer throws a bone to the dog. English 306 A; Harris 5

Basic English phrase structure S NP VP NP (Det) (AP)* N (PP) AP (Deg) A PP P NP VP (Aux) V (NP) (PP)* VPCOP (Aux) VCOP AP NP PP English 306 A; Harris 6

Phrase Structure Rules X Y XY (X) X* X Y X X X “is a” Y precedes Y is optional iterates: 1 - ∞ Xs or Y English 306 A; Harris 7

Phrase Structure Rules Hierarchy S NP VP Linear Sequence English 306 A; Harris 8

Structural analysis Lexical Syntactic Noun NP AP Adjective Noun A blackboard N black board English 306 A; Harris 9

Phrase structure Syntactic analysis NP AP Det A N the black board English 306 A; Harris 10

Phrase structure Syntactic analysis NP AP Det Deg the very A N black board English 306 A; Harris 11

Sexy Homer is sexy English 306 A; Harris 12

Linear Sequence Sexy Homer N VCOP Adj Homer is sexy English 306 A; Harris 13

Hierarchy Sexy Homer NP VPCOP AP N VCOP Adj Homer is sexy English 306 A; Harris 14

Hierarchy Sexy Homer S NP VPCOP AP N VCOP Adj Homer is sexy English 306 A; Harris 15

Hierarchy Sexy Homer Copular verb phrase S NP VPCOP AP N VCOP Adj Homer is sexy English 306 A; Harris 16

Hierarchy Sexy Homer Copular verb phrase S NP VPCOP NP N VCOPDet N Homer is a sexpot English 306 A; Harris 17

Hierarchy Sexy Homer S NP N Copular verb phrase VPCOP PP VCOP P NP N Homer is in trouble English 306 A; Harris 18

Phrase structure Hierarchical & Linear Structure NP Det Deg the very A N Hierachy AP black board Linear sequence English 306 A; Harris 19

Phrase structure Hierarchical & Linear Structure NP Det N Deg A Hierachy AP la planche très noire Linear sequence English 306 A; Harris 20

Linear Sequence The preening Homer preens English 306 A; Harris 21

Linear Sequence The preening Homer N V Homer preens English 306 A; Harris 22

Hierarchy The preening Homer NP VP N V Homer preens English 306 A; Harris 23

Hierarchy The preening Homer S NP VP N V Homer preens English 306 A; Harris 24

Hierarchy The preening Homer Intransitive verb phrase S NP VP N V Homer preens English 306 A; Harris 25

Linear Sequence The loving Homer loves his blanket English 306 A; Harris 26

Linear Sequence The loving Homer N V Det N Homer loves his blanket English 306 A; Harris 27

Hierarchy The loving Homer NP N NP V Det N Homer loves his blanket English 306 A; Harris 28

Hierarchy The loving Homer VP NP N NP V Det N Homer loves his blanket English 306 A; Harris 29

Hierarchy The loving Homer S VP NP N NP V Det N Homer loves his blanket English 306 A; Harris 30

Hierarchy The loving Homer Transitive verb phrase S VP NP N NP V Det N Homer loves his blanket English 306 A; Harris 31

Linear Sequence Homer’s eating habits The big bald guy eats crap English 306 A; Harris 32

Linear Sequence Homer’s eating habits Det Adj N V N The big bald guy eats crap English 306 A; Harris 33

Hierarchy Homer’s eating habits NP AP AP Det Adj NP N V N The big bald guy eats crap English 306 A; Harris 34

Hierarchy Homer’s eating habits NP VP AP AP Det Adj NP N V N The big bald guy eats crap English 306 A; Harris 35

Hierarchy Homer’s eating habits S NP VP AP AP Det Adj NP N V N The big bald guy eats crap English 306 A; Harris 36

Structural ambiguity I saw the man from the store. 1. 2. I was in the store, I looked out the window, and I saw the man: “from the store” modifies ‘saw’. 2. The man is associated with the store, and I saw him: “from the store” modifies ‘the man’. English 306 A; Harris 37

Structural ambiguity Same linear sequence same, different hierarchy S S VP NP VP N P NP Pro V Det N P P NP N P P Det N Pro V Det N I saw the man from the store. P P NP P Det N I saw the man from the store. English 306 A; Harris 38

Structural ambiguity Same linear sequence same, different hierarchy S S VP VP N P NP NP P P N P Pro V I saw the man from the store. English 306 A; Harris 39