Syntactic Overregularity 1 Immediate repetition Intermittent repetition syntactic

Syntactic Overregularity 句法过分规则现象 1

Immediate repetition 连续性重复 Intermittent repetition syntactic overregularity 间隔性重复 large-scale parallelism small-scale parallelism

Immediate Repetition连续性重复 q. Immediate Repetition q. Repetition may be immediate, i. e. the repeated unit immediately follows the initial unit.

Immediate Repetition连续性重复 q Do not go gentle into that good night, q Old age should burn and rave(说胡话，怒 骂） at close of day, q Rage, rage against the dying of light. q (Do not Go Gentle into that Good Night)

　　　　　Immediate Repetition q Gold! q Bright and yellow, hard and cold, q Molten, graven, hammer’d and roll’d, q Heavy to get and light to hold. q (Thomas Hood)

Immediate Repetition q q q The woods are lovely, dark, and deep, But I have promises to keep, And miles to go before I sleep. (R. Frost, Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening)

Intermittent Repetition （间隔性重复） q. Another type of repetition is intermittent repetition, known as ploce（间隔性重复） in traditional rhetoric. q. Ploce (异义重复)重复相同的词，但另作 别解。e. g.

Intermittent Repetition （间隔性重复） q“…she guessed I’d go crazy if I didn’t sail, and yet certainly I’d go crazy if I did. ” q (Henry James, Four Meetings) q第一个“急得发疯的” q第二个“高兴得发疯的”

Intermittent Repetition （间隔性重复） O, how that name befits my　composition Old Gaunt indeed, and gaunt in being old. q (Shakepeare, Richard II) q Gaunt is the name of the speaker

Intermittent Repetition （间隔性重复） q Not many lives, but only one have we; q One, only one. q (Anonymous, Only One Life)

Parallelism q Parallelism means exact repetition in equivalent positions. It differs from simple repetition in that the identity does not extend to absolute duplication（cope exactly）. q It “requires some variable feature of the pattern—some contrasting elements which are ‘parallel’ with respect to their position in the pattern” (Leech 1969: 66)

Parallelism q Parallelism can be classified into two types according to its size. large-scale parallelism q Parallelism small-scale parallelism

Large-scale parallelism q. Large-scale parallelism we mean the kind which consists of more than two juxtaposed units. q. Juxtapose: to place side by side or close together

Large-scale Parallelism q q q q q My Heart Leaps Up My heart leaps up when I behold A rainbow in the sky, So was it when my life began; So is now I am a man; So be it when I shall grow old, Or let me die! The Child is father of the Man; And I could wish my days to be Bound each to each by natural piety.

Large-scale parallelism q. I came, I saw, I conquered.

Large-scale Parallelism q He stood behind his desk in the far end of the dim room. The wife liked him. She liked the deadly serious way he received any complaints. She liked his dignity. She liked the way he wanted to serve her. She liked the way he felt about being a hotel-keeper. She liked his old, heavy face and big hands. q (Hemingway, Cat in the Rain)

Small-scale parallelism q Small-scale parallelism is the case which consists of only two juxtaposed units.

Small-scale parallelism q O, my luve is like a red, red rose q That’s newly sprung in June; q O, my luve is like the melodie q That’s sweetly play’d in tune. q (Robert Burns, A Red, Red Rose)

Small-scale parallelism q His fees were high; his lessons were light… q Not that I loved Caesar, but that I loved Rome more. (Shakespeare, Julius Caesar)

Small-scale parallelism q when a small-scale parellelism is combined with an implication of contrast, it is referred to as antithesis in rhetoric. q A friend exaggerates a man’s virtues, an enemy his crimes.

Small-scale parallelism q Its failures became a part of history but its successes held the clue to a better international order. q Good breeding consists in concealing how much we think of ourselves and how little we think of the other person. q (Mark Twain )