Sympathetic denervation in the mice My life in

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Sympathetic denervation in the mice ~ My life in San Diego 生科 04 楊慧儒

Sympathetic denervation in the mice ~ My life in San Diego 生科 04 楊慧儒 891644 2002. 12. 06

劉新光 教授 John H. K. Liu, Ph. D. n n the regulation of intraocular

劉新光 教授 John H. K. Liu, Ph. D. n n the regulation of intraocular pressure An elevated intraocular pressure ─ primary open-angle glaucoma the circadian (24 -hour) rhythms of intraocular pressure and related ocular functions. Human study─ eye drop for glaucoma

Summer research n n n Superior cervical ganglionectomy Way to measure the pupil size

Summer research n n n Superior cervical ganglionectomy Way to measure the pupil size of the mice Test of eye drop on postsurgical mice

Superior Cervical Ganglion (SCG)

Superior Cervical Ganglion (SCG)

Superior Cervical Ganglion (SCG) n n Sympathetic nerve─change in pupillary reflex Removal or sectioning

Superior Cervical Ganglion (SCG) n n Sympathetic nerve─change in pupillary reflex Removal or sectioning of this part can reduce the circadian IOP elevation The outcome of removal of SCG or cutting the cervical sympathetic trunk will mimic human Horner’s syndrome─drug test PAST~ n n Palpebral ptosis and become irreversible from 20 th hr Palpebral retraction

Pharmacology of the sympathetic nervous system hydroxyamphetamine

Pharmacology of the sympathetic nervous system hydroxyamphetamine

Drug to Test Horner’s Syndrome Hydroxyamphet Dilation→ Postganglio aine(HA) no dilation nic & Tyramine(TA)

Drug to Test Horner’s Syndrome Hydroxyamphet Dilation→ Postganglio aine(HA) no dilation nic & Tyramine(TA) Cocaine(C) Dilation→ Pre-, Epinephrine(E) No dilation postganglio nic No dilation→ Postganglio Dilation nic

Ganglionectomy Toe & tail Mouse(C 57 BL/6) Male, 30 g, 4 mice Anesthesia Surgery

Ganglionectomy Toe & tail Mouse(C 57 BL/6) Male, 30 g, 4 mice Anesthesia Surgery (Ketamine+Xylazine ) Fix it on the bench and preparation of instruments

Ganglionectomy n n n Shave Incision Find SCG Cut SCG (right side) Suture back

Ganglionectomy n n n Shave Incision Find SCG Cut SCG (right side) Suture back the fats & the skin

Ganglionectomy

Ganglionectomy

Measurement of pupil size n Anesthetized n n n Ketamine pentobarbital Conscious n n

Measurement of pupil size n Anesthetized n n n Ketamine pentobarbital Conscious n n Tube Cone n Ruler

Eye Drop Test n n Solution (saline) 1 micro-liter, twice, on each eye Record

Eye Drop Test n n Solution (saline) 1 micro-liter, twice, on each eye Record every 5 -10 mins Experimental time: 70 mins n n n M: mouse number M 0: normal mouse (day): the day after surgery

Result. Hydroxyamphetamine & Tyramine HA (1%) Conscious Ketamine Pentobarbital M 1(9), M 2(8), M

Result. Hydroxyamphetamine & Tyramine HA (1%) Conscious Ketamine Pentobarbital M 1(9), M 2(8), M 0 M 1(7), M 2(6) M 1(10) HA (0. 1%) M 2(7) TA (5%) M 1(15), M 2(14), M 3(7), M 0 TA (1%) M 1(16), M 2(15), M 3(8) TA (0. 1%) M 1(17), M 2(16), M 3(9)

Result- Cocaine Conscious Cocaine M 1(18), M 2(17), M 4(1, 3), M 0 Pentobarbital

Result- Cocaine Conscious Cocaine M 1(18), M 2(17), M 4(1, 3), M 0 Pentobarbital M 2(9)

Result- Epinephrine Conscious Epinephrine 0. 1% M 1(10) M 2(13) M 3(6, 10, 15)

Result- Epinephrine Conscious Epinephrine 0. 1% M 1(10) M 2(13) M 3(6, 10, 15) M 4(8) M 0

Discussion n Compare to rabbits: n n Cocaine─ 5~30 mins Hydroxyamphetamine─ 30~45 mins Cocaine,

Discussion n Compare to rabbits: n n Cocaine─ 5~30 mins Hydroxyamphetamine─ 30~45 mins Cocaine, hydroxyamphetamine, and tyramine work on rabbits but not mice. Only using epinephrine at certain day after surgery(10 th-15 th days) can have significant result to confirm the success of surgery.

Furthermore n n Increase the number of experiment Find a critical way to measure

Furthermore n n Increase the number of experiment Find a critical way to measure the pupil size of mice Electrode stimulation The mechanism of drug effect

Life in San Diego

Life in San Diego

Life in San Diego Balboa park

Life in San Diego Balboa park

Life in San Diego Mission bay & Balboa park

Life in San Diego Mission bay & Balboa park

University of California, San Diego

University of California, San Diego

Campus

Campus