Swine Myology Head muscles Muscle Name 1 Orbicularis

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Head muscles

Muscle Name 1. Orbicularis oris 2. Caninus Origin 1. Maxilla and mandible 2. Upper jaw Insertion Function 1. Skin around the lips 2. The corner of the mouth 1. Cathing food with a general spincteris activity 3. Levator nasolabialism 3. maxilla and nasal 3. Deep to the skin 4. Levator labii superioris 4. Nose and zygomatic 4. Skin and muscle upper lips 5. Zygomaticus 5. To the corner of the mouth 2. Pull the corner lip up in an almost vertical direction 3. Dilate nostrils, raises upper lips 4. Raise upper lips 5. Move the lips

Muscle Name 9. Mentalis Origin Insertion Function 9. Incisive fossa of mandible 10. Alveolar process of maxilla and mandible pterygomandibular raphe 9. The skin of chin 11. Depressor labii inferioris 11. Oblique line of the mandible 11. Skin of the lower lips 12. Masseter 12. Zygomatic arch and facial crest 12. Lateral surface of 12. Elevation of the broad part of the mandible laterally ramus of mandilble and unlaterally 14. Sternocephalic 14. Carniform cartilage of sternum 14. Posterior border of the ramus of mandible 10. Buccinator 10. Fibre of the orbicularis oris 9. Raise and push up the lower lips 10. Compress the cheek against the teeth 11. Lower the upper lips

Muscle Name Origin Insertion 15. Obliquus capitis caudalis 15. Side of the spine 15. Dorasl surface of and postetior atlas process of axis 16. Obliquus capitis cranialis 16. Anterior edge and the surface of the wing of atlas 16. Paramastoid process and nuchal crest of the occipital bone and mastoid Function

Abdominal muscles

LATISSMUS DORSI O ther name= m. latissmus dorsi (NAV), broadest muscle of the back Origin= an aponeurosis continuous with the thoracolumbar fascia over the caudal thorax and loins Insertion= the teres tubercle or the crest of the lesser tubercle Innervation= the thoracodorsal nerve Comments= one of the major refractors of the forelimb, it makes up of the dorsal fold of the human axilla

TRAPEZIUS Other name= m. trapezium (NAV), culcullaris Origin= the dorsal midline raphe and supraspinous ligament from about the third cervical to the tenth thoracic vertebrae Innervation= the dorsal branch of the accessory branch Insertion= the cervical part inserts along the whole scapular spine, the thoracic part only along the proximal part of the spine Comments= in combination the right and left mm. rexemble a showl or cowl draped over the withers, hence the name cuicullaris

Brachiocephalicus Other name= m. brachiocephalicus (NAV) Origin= depending on the species, various parts of the nuchal crest, mastoid process, nape and adjacent regions Innervation= the dorsal and ventral branches of the accessory nerve and the axillary nerve Insertion= the dorsal part of the crest of the humerus between the biceps and the brachialis Comments= am. That is devided into 2 parts by the clavicle or the clavicular tendon

Ventral serrate Other name= m. serratus ventralis cervicis (NAV), the cervicle and thoracic ventral serrates Origin= the transverse processes of the last five cervical vertebrae and the first eight to ten ribs Innervation= the ventral branches of the cervical nerves and the long thoracic nerve Insertion= the serrated face of the medial surface of the scapula Comments= the right and left mm. act together to suspend the cranial part of the trunk like a sling between the forelimbs

Middle gluteal Other name= m. gluteus medius (NAV) Origin= the iliac crest, the gluteal surface of the ilium, and (in horses) the aponeurosis of the longissmus lumborum Innervation= the cranial gluteal nerve Insertion= the greater trochanter of the femur Comments= a large m. , the largest m. of the horse in which it extends usually forward over the loins

External abdominal oblique Other name= m. obliquus externus abdominis (NAV) Origin= the lateral surface of the ribs and the thoracolumbar fascia Innervation= the intercostal, costoabdominal and lumbar nerves Insertion= the linea alba and the prepubic tendon, fibers running obliquely caudoventrally Comments= the most superficial of the abdominal mm, it has a large vebtral aponeurosis

Iliocostal Other name= m. iliocostalis (NAV) Origin= the iliac crest, the septum between it and the longissimus m. , and the caudal ribs Innervation= the dorsal branches of the soinal nerves Insertion= the ribs and the transverse process of the seventh cervical vertebrae Comments= it is the lateral division of the epaxial mm, it has both lumbar and thoracic parts

Superficial pectorals Other names= mm. pectorales superficiales (NAV) Origin= the manubrium and adjacent parts of the ribs and sternum Innervation= pectoral nerves Insertion= the crest of the humerus, and the antebrachial fascia Comments= These mm. vary between species: see the two components: transverse and descending pectoral

Omotransverse Other name= m omotransversarius (NAV), cleidotransversarius Origin= the acromnion, yhe spine of the scapula, or the fascia over the shoulders Innervatoin= the ventral branches of the cervical nerves Insertion= the caudal border of the wing of the atlas; in horses the transverse process of cervical vertebrae 2 -4 also comments= the m. overlies the superficial cervical lymph node, and way fuse with or course deep to the brachiocephalic

Tensor antebrachial fascia Other name= m. tensor fascia antebrachii (NAV) origin= the latissmus dorsi, especially its ventral boarder Innervation= the radial nerves Insertion= the olecranon and the deep fascia of the forearm Comments= a thin broad m whose action is similar to the long head of the triceps

Forelimb muscles

Muscle Name Insertion Innervation Axillary nerve Origin Deltoideus The deltoid tuberosity and the brachial fascia. (1) The upper part of the posterior border of the scapula; (2) the spine of the scapula, by means of the strong aponeurosis which covers the infraspinatus. Brachialis Medial borders of the Median and radial radius and ulna. nerves. The proximal third of the posterior surface of the humerus. Extensor carpi radialis The metacarpal tuberosity. Radial nerve (1) The lateral condyloid crest of the humerus; (2) the coronoid fossa; (3) the deep fascia of the arm and forearm and the intermuscular septum between this muscle and the common extensor. Extensor carpi obliquus The head of the medial (second) metacarpal bone. Radial nerve. The lateral border and adjacent part of the dorsal surface of the radius.

Muscle Name Insertion Innervation Posterior interosseous nerve, the continuation of the radial nerve Origin Extensor carpi ulnaris Base of the 5 th metacarpal Lateral epicondyle of humerus and posterior border of the ulna Deep digital flexor- thoracic The semilunar crest Median and ulnar and the adjacent nerve surface of the cartilage of the third phalanx. Superficial flexor, medial surface of the ulna, the medial border of the radius, and the deep fascia of the forearm. Lateral digital extensor thoracic Fourth and fifth digits. Radial nerve The lateral tuberosity of the radius, the shaft of the ulna, and the lateral ligament of the elbow joint. Common digital extensor The extensor process of the third phalanx. Radial nerve The lateral epicondyle of the humerus and from the ulna.

Lateral view Shoulder and leg muscles

Answers to Muscles Neck and shoulder Lower limb 1. Masseter 18. Biceps femoris muscle 2. Submaxillary gland (Mandibular gland) 19. Tensor fasciae latae 3. Parotid gland 20. Gluteus medius muscle 4. Sublingual gland 21. Vastius lateralis muscle 5. Cleidomastoid muscle 22. Gastronemus muscle 6. Brachiocephalous muscle 23. Semitendinosus muscle 7. Sternomastoid muscle 24. Semimembranosis muscle 8. Sternohyoid muscle 25. Adductor muscle 9. Omohyoid muscle 26. Rectus femoris muscle 10. Sternothyroid muscle 27. Vastius medialis muscle 11. Trapezius muscle 28. Sartorius muscle 12. Triceps brachii muscle 29. Pectineus muscle 13. Deltoid 30. Gracilis muscle 14. Lattissmus dorsi muscle 15. Digastric muscle 16. Mylohoid 17. Pectoralis

Hindlimb muscles

Muscle Name 1. Biceps femoris Origin Insertion Innervation 1. The dorsal and 1. Posterior surface 1. Posterior gluteal lateral sacro-iliac the femur near nerve and the ligaments, the gluteal the trochanter tibial division and coccygeal fascia, tertius; of the sciatic and the 2. the free (anterior) nerve intermuscular septum surface of the between this muscle patella and the lateral patellar semitendinosus, ligament; 2. the tuber ischii. 3. the tibial crest 4. the crural fascia and the tuber calcis. Note : Flexors of the Stifle and which also extends the hip. Other Name : Outside ham muscle.

Muscle Name Origin Insertion Innervation 2. Lateral digital extensor 2. The lateral ligament of the stifle joint, the fibula, the lateral border of the tibia, interosseous ligament 2. The tendon of the long extensor, about a third of the way down the metatarsus 2. Peroneal nerve Note : it resembles the ruminant condition with the addition of a small deep part of the muscle that features a separate tendon inserting on the fifth digit. Other Name : Lateral digital extensor - pelvic. 3. Gastrocnemius 3. Lateral and medial heads from the supracondyloid tuberosities of the distal femur Note : Its chief action is flexion of the stifle. Other Name : Heel. 3. The calcaneal tuber 3. Tibial nerve

Muscle Name Origin Insertion Innervation 4. Superficial digital flexor 4. Medial epicondyle of the humerus 4. Second phalanx of the fourth digit 4. Ulnar and median nerves Note : assist in extending the hock and hip and flexing the stifle. Other Name : flexor digitorum superficialis. 5. Long digital extensor 5. from the distal end of the femur 5. on the distal phalanx of each digit 5. Tibial nerve Note : The tendon has four part in the pig and carnivores. Other Name : m. extensor digitorum longus. 6. Short digital extensor 6. Extensor fossa of the femur 6. Tendons of the long digital extensor to digits 2, 3, 4. Note : best developed in pigs & carnivores, divided into 3 parts Other Name : m. extensor digitorum brevis. 6. Peroneal nerve

Craniolateral Crural Ms of Dog , Pig, Ox and Horse.

Hindlimb,

Muscle Name Origin Insertion Innervation 7. Peroneous longus 7. The lateral condyle of the tibia and the fibrous band which represents the fibula. 7. The ends of the first tarsal bone and the proximal end of the large metatarsal bone. 7. Peroneal nerve 8. Two or more branches on the first and second tarsal and third metatarsal bones 8. Peroneal nerve Note: Flexors of the hock. Other Name : Peroneus longus. 8. Peroneous tertius 8. The extensor fossa (between the lateral condyle and the trochlea of the femur), in common with the long extensor Note : absent in carnivores, fleshy in pig & ruminants, fibrous in horses Other. Name : Peroneus tertius

Muscle Name 9. Cranial tibial Origin Insertion 9. The lateral condyle 9. The ridge on the and border of the front of the proximal tibia and a small area end of the large on the lateral surface metatarsal bone and of the tuberosity the first tarsal bone Note: Partly concealed by the long extensor and peroneus tertius Common Name : Tibialis cranilis Innervation 9. Peroneal nerve

Hindlimb, Cranial tibial Peroneous tertius Peroneous longus

Lower limb lateral muscles

Answers to Muscles Neck and shoulder Lower limb 1. Masseter 18. Biceps femoris muscle 2. Submaxillary gland (Mandibular gland) 19. Tensor fasciae latae 3. Parotid gland 20. Gluteus medius muscle 4. Sublingual gland 21. Vastius lateralis muscle 5. Cleidomastoid muscle 22. Gastronemus muscle 6. Brachiocephalous muscle 23. Semitendinosus muscle 7. Sternomastoid muscle 24. Semimembranosis muscle 8. Sternohyoid muscle 25. Adductor muscle 9. Omohyoid muscle 26. Rectus femoris muscle 10. Sternothyroid muscle 27. Vastius medialis muscle 11. Trapezius muscle 28. Sartorius muscle 12. Triceps brachii muscle 29. Pectineus muscle 13. Deltoid 30. Gracilis muscle 14. Lattissmus dorsi muscle 15. Digastric muscle 16. Mylohoid 17. Pectoralis

Lower limb lateral muscles

Answers to Muscles Neck and shoulder Lower limb 1. Masseter 18. Biceps femoris muscle 2. Submaxillary gland (Mandibular gland) 19. Tensor fasciae latae 3. Parotid gland 20. Gluteus medius muscle 4. Sublingual gland 21. Vastius lateralis muscle 5. Cleidomastoid muscle 22. Gastronemus muscle 6. Brachiocephalous muscle 23. Semitendinosus muscle 7. Sternomastoid muscle 24. Semimembranosis muscle 8. Sternohyoid muscle 25. Adductor muscle 9. Omohyoid muscle 26. Rectus femoris muscle 10. Sternothyroid muscle 27. Vastius medialis muscle 11. Trapezius muscle 28. Sartorius muscle 12. Triceps brachii muscle 29. Pectineus muscle 13. Deltoid 30. Gracilis muscle 14. Lattissmus dorsi muscle 15. Digastric muscle 16. Mylohoid 17. Pectoralis

Lower limb lateral muscles

Answers to Muscles Neck and shoulder Lower limb 1. Masseter 18. Biceps femoris muscle 2. Submaxillary gland (Mandibular gland) 19. Tensor fasciae latae 3. Parotid gland 20. Gluteus medius muscle 4. Sublingual gland 21. Vastius lateralis muscle 5. Cleidomastoid muscle 22. Gastronemus muscle 6. Brachiocephalous muscle 23. Semitendinosus muscle 7. Sternomastoid muscle 24. Semimembranosis muscle 8. Sternohyoid muscle 25. Adductor muscle 9. Omohyoid muscle 26. Rectus femoris muscle 10. Sternothyroid muscle 27. Vastius medialis muscle 11. Trapezius muscle 28. Sartorius muscle 12. Triceps brachii muscle 29. Pectineus muscle 13. Deltoid 30. Gracilis muscle 14. Lattissmus dorsi muscle 15. Digastric muscle 16. Mylohoid 17. Pectoralis

Lower limb lateral muscles

Answers to Muscles Neck and shoulder Lower limb 1. Masseter 18. Biceps femoris muscle 2. Submaxillary gland (Mandibular gland) 19. Tensor fasciae latae 3. Parotid gland 20. Gluteus medius muscle 4. Sublingual gland 21. Vastius lateralis muscle 5. Cleidomastoid muscle 22. Gastronemus muscle 6. Brachiocephalous muscle 23. Semitendinosus muscle 7. Sternomastoid muscle 24. Semimembranosis muscle 8. Sternohyoid muscle 25. Adductor muscle 9. Omohyoid muscle 26. Rectus femoris muscle 10. Sternothyroid muscle 27. Vastius medialis muscle 11. Trapezius muscle 28. Sartorius muscle 12. Triceps brachii muscle 29. Pectineus muscle 13. Deltoid 30. Gracilis muscle 14. Lattissmus dorsi muscle 15. Digastric muscle 16. Mylohoid 17. Pectoralis

Lower limb lateral muscles

Answers to Muscles Neck and shoulder Lower limb 1. Masseter 18. Biceps femoris muscle 2. Submaxillary gland (Mandibular gland) 19. Tensor fasciae latae 3. Parotid gland 20. Gluteus medius muscle 4. Sublingual gland 21. Vastius lateralis muscle 5. Cleidomastoid muscle 22. Gastronemus muscle 6. Brachiocephalous muscle 23. Semitendinosus muscle 7. Sternomastoid muscle 24. Semimembranosis muscle 8. Sternohyoid muscle 25. Adductor muscle 9. Omohyoid muscle 26. Rectus femoris muscle 10. Sternothyroid muscle 27. Vastius medialis muscle 11. Trapezius muscle 28. Sartorius muscle 12. Triceps brachii muscle 29. Pectineus muscle 13. Deltoid 30. Gracilis muscle 14. Lattissmus dorsi muscle 15. Digastric muscle 16. Mylohoid 17. Pectoralis

Lower limb lateral muscles

Answers to Muscles Neck and shoulder Lower limb 1. Masseter 18. Biceps femoris muscle 2. Submaxillary gland (Mandibular gland) 19. Tensor fasciae latae 3. Parotid gland 20. Gluteus medius muscle 4. Sublingual gland 21. Vastius lateralis muscle 5. Cleidomastoid muscle 22. Gastronemus muscle 6. Brachiocephalous muscle 23. Semitendinosus muscle 7. Sternomastoid muscle 24. Semimembranosis muscle 8. Sternohyoid muscle 25. Adductor muscle 9. Omohyoid muscle 26. Rectus femoris muscle 10. Sternothyroid muscle 27. Vastius medialis muscle 11. Trapezius muscle 28. Sartorius muscle 12. Triceps brachii muscle 29. Pectineus muscle 13. Deltoid 30. Gracilis muscle 14. Lattissmus dorsi muscle 15. Digastric muscle 16. Mylohoid 17. Pectoralis

Lower limb lateral muscles

Answers to Muscles Neck and shoulder Lower limb 1. Masseter 18. Biceps femoris muscle 2. Submaxillary gland (Mandibular gland) 19. Tensor fasciae latae 3. Parotid gland 20. Gluteus medius muscle 4. Sublingual gland 21. Vastius lateralis muscle 5. Cleidomastoid muscle 22. Gastronemus muscle 6. Brachiocephalous muscle 23. Semitendinosus muscle 7. Sternomastoid muscle 24. Semimembranosis muscle 8. Sternohyoid muscle 25. Adductor muscle 9. Omohyoid muscle 26. Rectus femoris muscle 10. Sternothyroid muscle 27. Vastius medialis muscle 11. Trapezius muscle 28. Sartorius muscle 12. Triceps brachii muscle 29. Pectineus muscle 13. Deltoid 30. Gracilis muscle 14. Lattissmus dorsi muscle 15. Digastric muscle 16. Mylohoid 17. Pectoralis

Lower limb medial muscles 1

Answers to Muscles Neck and shoulder Lower limb 1. Masseter 18. Biceps femoris muscle 2. Submaxillary gland (Mandibular gland) 19. Tensor fasciae latae 3. Parotid gland 20. Gluteus medius muscle 4. Sublingual gland 21. Vastius lateralis muscle 5. Cleidomastoid muscle 22. Gastronemus muscle 6. Brachiocephalous muscle 23. Semitendinosus muscle 7. Sternomastoid muscle 24. Semimembranosis muscle 8. Sternohyoid muscle 25. Adductor muscle 9. Omohyoid muscle 26. Rectus femoris muscle 10. Sternothyroid muscle 27. Vastius medialis muscle 11. Trapezius muscle 28. Sartorius muscle 12. Triceps brachii muscle 29. Pectineus muscle 13. Deltoid 30. Gracilis muscle 14. Lattissmus dorsi muscle 15. Digastric muscle 16. Mylohoid 17. Pectoralis

Lower limb medial muscles 1

Answers to Muscles Neck and shoulder Lower limb 1. Masseter 18. Biceps femoris muscle 2. Submaxillary gland (Mandibular gland) 19. Tensor fasciae latae 3. Parotid gland 20. Gluteus medius muscle 4. Sublingual gland 21. Vastius lateralis muscle 5. Cleidomastoid muscle 22. Gastronemus muscle 6. Brachiocephalous muscle 23. Semitendinosus muscle 7. Sternomastoid muscle 24. Semimembranosis muscle 8. Sternohyoid muscle 25. Adductor muscle 9. Omohyoid muscle 26. Rectus femoris muscle 10. Sternothyroid muscle 27. Vastius medialis muscle 11. Trapezius muscle 28. Sartorius muscle 12. Triceps brachii muscle 29. Pectineus muscle 13. Deltoid 30. Gracilis muscle 14. Lattissmus dorsi muscle 15. Digastric muscle 16. Mylohoid 17. Pectoralis

Lower limb medial muscles 1

Answers to Muscles Neck and shoulder Lower limb 1. Masseter 18. Biceps femoris muscle 2. Submaxillary gland (Mandibular gland) 19. Tensor fasciae latae 3. Parotid gland 20. Gluteus medius muscle 4. Sublingual gland 21. Vastius lateralis muscle 5. Cleidomastoid muscle 22. Gastronemus muscle 6. Brachiocephalous muscle 23. Semitendinosus muscle 7. Sternomastoid muscle 24. Semimembranosis muscle 8. Sternohyoid muscle 25. Adductor muscle 9. Omohyoid muscle 26. Rectus femoris muscle 10. Sternothyroid muscle 27. Vastius medialis muscle 11. Trapezius muscle 28. Sartorius muscle 12. Triceps brachii muscle 29. Pectineus muscle 13. Deltoid 30. Gracilis muscle 14. Lattissmus dorsi muscle 15. Digastric muscle 16. Mylohoid 17. Pectoralis

Lower limb medial muscles 1

Answers to Muscles Neck and shoulder Lower limb 1. Masseter 18. Biceps femoris muscle 2. Submaxillary gland (Mandibular gland) 19. Tensor fasciae latae 3. Parotid gland 20. Gluteus medius muscle 4. Sublingual gland 21. Vastius lateralis muscle 5. Cleidomastoid muscle 22. Gastronemus muscle 6. Brachiocephalous muscle 23. Semitendinosus muscle 7. Sternomastoid muscle 24. Semimembranosis muscle 8. Sternohyoid muscle 25. Adductor muscle 9. Omohyoid muscle 26. Rectus femoris muscle 10. Sternothyroid muscle 27. Vastius medialis muscle 11. Trapezius muscle 28. Sartorius muscle 12. Triceps brachii muscle 29. Pectineus muscle 13. Deltoid 30. Gracilis muscle 14. Lattissmus dorsi muscle 15. Digastric muscle 16. Mylohoid 17. Pectoralis

Lower limb medial muscles 1

Answers to Muscles Neck and shoulder Lower limb 1. Masseter 18. Biceps femoris muscle 2. Submaxillary gland (Mandibular gland) 19. Tensor fasciae latae 3. Parotid gland 20. Gluteus medius muscle 4. Sublingual gland 21. Vastius lateralis muscle 5. Cleidomastoid muscle 22. Gastronemus muscle 6. Brachiocephalous muscle 23. Semitendinosus muscle 7. Sternomastoid muscle 24. Semimembranosis muscle 8. Sternohyoid muscle 25. Adductor muscle 9. Omohyoid muscle 26. Rectus femoris muscle 10. Sternothyroid muscle 27. Vastius medialis muscle 11. Trapezius muscle 28. Sartorius muscle 12. Triceps brachii muscle 29. Pectineus muscle 13. Deltoid 30. Gracilis muscle 14. Lattissmus dorsi muscle 15. Digastric muscle 16. Mylohoid 17. Pectoralis

Lower limb medial muscles 2

Answers to Muscles Neck and shoulder Lower limb 1. Masseter 18. Biceps femoris muscle 2. Submaxillary gland (Mandibular gland) 19. Tensor fasciae latae 3. Parotid gland 20. Gluteus medius muscle 4. Sublingual gland 21. Vastius lateralis muscle 5. Cleidomastoid muscle 22. Gastronemus muscle 6. Brachiocephalous muscle 23. Semitendinosus muscle 7. Sternomastoid muscle 24. Semimembranosis muscle 8. Sternohyoid muscle 25. Adductor muscle 9. Omohyoid muscle 26. Rectus femoris muscle 10. Sternothyroid muscle 27. Vastius medialis muscle 11. Trapezius muscle 28. Sartorius muscle 12. Triceps brachii muscle 29. Pectineus muscle 13. Deltoid 30. Gracilis muscle 14. Lattissmus dorsi muscle 15. Digastric muscle 16. Mylohoid 17. Pectoralis

references 1. http: //porcine. unl. edu/porcine 2005/pages/index. jsp? wh at=muscle. List, 2. Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary, Saunders Elsevier, 3. http: //www. elib 4 vet. com/showthread. php/8250 Porcine-Myology,

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