SWIM A Historical review Steve Bradford Chief Scientist

SWIM – A Historical review Steve Bradford – Chief Scientist for Architecture and Next. Gen Development

ATS Concept of Operations for the National Airspace System in 2005 Narrative September 30, 1997

NAS-WIS • Information Distribution. A NAS-wide information system distributes timely and consistent information across the NAS, for both user and service provider planning. This information system serves as an avenue for a greater exchange of electronic data and information between users and service providers.

The NAS information services offer a new collaborative capability for information sharing between and FAA and NAS users and throughout the FAA. Information sharing … 4

Systems View of the Future CONOPs Integrated FDM Augmented GPS Navigation Integrated Telecommunications Surface DSS Terminal DSS En Route DSS Oceanic DSS SWIM Flt Planning DSS Infrastructure Mgmt DSS AOC FIS Provider TFM DSS NAS Decision Support System’s Integrated Surveillance Integrated Weather NAS-Wide Data Links International Military NASCR Mar 2003 FAA 5

SWIM SYSTEM-WIDE INFORMATION MANAGEMENT Presentation to the ICAO MET Strategy Group 24 May 2000 Hartmut Koelman Strategy, Concept & System Unit EUROCONTROL May 2000 EATMP System-Wide Information Management (SWIM) 6

Why Information Management l Gate-to-Gate & Interoperable Decision Making l l l Interoperable decision making is based on maintaining a defined level of common situational awareness throughout the distributed ATM system Gate-to-gate interoperability (ATM 2000+) is not ultimately achieved via the integration of systems, but via the integration of information. The scope of the latter extends far beyond the technical level. Information management and communication both play an essential — but distinct — role in this process l The role of communication in the distributed ATM system is to l l Provide the connectivity and bandwidth which make it technically possible to distribute information (make information "common") and to prevent divergence of situational awareness amongst stakeholders while the various originators of information continuously change their part of the shared picture. Conceptually, the role of information management is twofold: (see next slide) EUROCONTROL May 2000 EATMP System-Wide Information Management (SWIM) 7

Role of Information Management l Conceptually, the role of information management is twofold l l l Monitor and control the quality, coherence and usefulness of the "shared picture" which is the foundation of common situational awareness Provide mechanisms which support the stakeholders in managing the rules, roles, and responsibilities of information sharing. This determines which kind of information is shared by whom, with whom, where, when, why, how much, how often, at which quality level, in what form, for which purpose, at which cost, under which liability, under which circumstances, security levels etc. Information management activities can be found at all ATM planning layers l l ranging from the work of information standardisation committees down to the real-time control of data fusion and information distribution EUROCONTROL May 2000 EATMP System-Wide Information Management (SWIM) 8

What is Information Management NOT? l Not the same as Collaborative Decision Making (CDM) l l Not the same as Communication l l These activities are part of Information Management, which in itself has a much wider scope Not a technical issue l l Communication is one of the enablers for Information Management Not the same as information modelling & standardisation l l Information Management is an enabler for CDM Information management addresses the lifecycle and use of information, primarily from an operational (decision making), organisational, spatial, economic, institutional etc. point of view. Therefore information management should not be confused with (or equated to) the technical solutions (information and communication technology) underpinning automated information management support Not part of the system architecture l EUROCONTROL Information management drives architecture: depending on the adopted information management concepts and performance requirements, the system architecture may need to look different May 2000 EATMP System-Wide Information Management (SWIM) 9

History (1) l 1994 - EATMS User Requirements Workshop l l l 40 % of the captured requirements were directly expressed in terms of information management (IM) needs. This suggests there is a problem with IM in the ATM system. . . But: this fact was hardly noticed by anyone at that time 1995 - “Invariant Process Model” in support of OCD development l l EUROCONTROL Information management (IM) identified as a core (support) process But: role of IM, AIS, MET etc. not further described in OCD 1. 0 May 2000 EATMP System-Wide Information Management (SWIM) 10

History (2) l Feb. 1998 - ATM 2000+ Workshop l l l April 1998 - FAA / NIAC Conference, Washington l l l Separate discussion group on “Information & Integration” Information-oriented approach has full support from airspace users (e. g. IATA) Recognition that there are quite a number of strategic ‘Information Management’ issues which warrant a ‘horizontal domain’ activity across all functional domains and individual projects To establish a coherent and visionary approach, there is a need for a system-wide information management strategy to be developed The term “SWIM” (System-Wide Information Management is coined) NIAC is a cross-functional group within the FAA, aiming to establish an informationoriented approach within the FAA across organisational boundaries SWIM ideas presented by EUROCONTROL and very well received 1998 - Finalisation of ATM 2000+ Strategy and OCD 1. 1 l l l EUROCONTROL EATCHIP/EATMP documentation full of references to “better information management” Strategy and new edition of the OCD contain short SWIM descriptions ATM 2000+ Strategy formally states that a system-wide information management strategy will be established May 2000 EATMP System-Wide Information Management (SWIM) 11

Information Management Sub-Strategies l Legal (concept and implementation strategy) l l Institutional (concept and implementation strategy) l l Mechanisms for managing the rules, roles and responsibilities of the stakeholders participating in information sharing Operational (concept and implementation strategy) l l Aspects of information sharing related to cost efficiency, licensing, cost recovery etc. Organisational (concept and implementation strategy) l l Regulatory aspects of information sharing (who can act as the regulator for what) Business (concept and implementation strategy) l l Information ownership and liability aspects in an information sharing environment Mechanisms for ensuring timely information availability, anticipating upcoming information needs, and managing information acquisition, storage, dissemination, security and quality in line with rules, roles and responsibilities of stakeholders Technical (concept and implementation strategy) l Automation concept & strategy and technology selection concept & strategy – for ensuring information integration in an environment of distributed co-operating stakeholders working with distributed fast-changing shared information – for implementing the operational, organisational, business, institutional and legal sub-strategies EUROCONTROL May 2000 EATMP System-Wide Information Management (SWIM) 12

Information Management Levels l Meta-Information management l l Model (data standardisation) management l l The values of attributes (variables): who has the master copy, how is the quality managed Copy management l l Ability to know the true identity behind each and every piece of information State management l l Names, identifiers, co-ordinate systems and other labelling conventions are used to refer to information from within other information Finite resource; needs to be properly managed and coherent at system-wide level Identity management l l Ensure compatible terminology, “views of the world” and “levels of understanding” The basic prerequisite for successful communication between two or more parties Name management l l Without information about information, information management is not possible For operational reasons, information needs to be replicated (=shared) between stakeholders Each piece of information will exist in many physical (electronic / paper / mental) copies Implement event propagation, search and retrieval (directory services), security, licensing, pricing etc. Physical data distribution management l EUROCONTROL manage operation of physical information architecture, system architecture, communication protocols and networks, presentation formats, storage and retrieval infrastructure etc. May 2000 EATMP System-Wide Information Management (SWIM) 13

The Mission of SWIM (OCD 1. 1) ATM Air Traffic Management The information needs of ATM stakeholders - both within and outside the ATM network - need to be satisfied in a much more flexible, cost effective manner than today. Enabler for SWIM System. Wide Information Management Enabler for CNS Communication Navigation Surveillance SWIM, depends on a number of technical enablers, one of them being an adequate CNS infrastructure. EUROCONTROL SWIM is a support process whose aim is to combine the forces of all suppliers of ATM information so as to assemble the best possible integrated picture of the past, present and (planned) future state of the ATM situation, as a basis for improved decision making by all ATM stakeholders during their strategic, substrategic, pre-tactical and tactical planning processes, including real-time operations and post-flight activities. May 2000 EATMP System-Wide Information Management (SWIM) 14

Next. Gen Information Sharing Architecture Mission Services/ Application Layer: FDPS, STDDS, ITWS, AIM, etc. Common Support: Data Standards & Harmonization Enterprise Messaging: SWIM Core Services Physical Network: FTI Operational IP network provides secure transport 6

Conclusion l “Not invented here” l l l What is new about SWIM l l l SWIM does not claim to have invented any of the ideas presented here. Many of these concepts have been in existence for decades, or even centuries. Without realising it, people have been applying these principles for thousands of years (as a historically developed “bottom-up” approach to information management) The realisation that ATM is increasingly falling behind (some) other industries in moving to an “information based (centered? ) business” The willingness to adopt new information management ideas which have proven their worth in other industries The intention to package the whole spectrum of information management issues into a coherent concept and associated implementation strategy The view that in ATM strategy concept & system development the “information layer” should be treated on equal footing as the “decision making layer” Main challenges to be mastered: l l EUROCONTROL Insufficient penetration of expertise throughout the ATM community (this is a rather specialised subject, unfortunately often equated to a “technicality”) Insufficient political/management awareness in the ATM community regarding the strategic importance of information management May 2000 EATMP System-Wide Information Management (SWIM) 16

Information Management Sub-Strategies l Legal (concept and implementation strategy) l l Institutional (concept and implementation strategy) l l Mechanisms for managing the rules, roles and responsibilities of the stakeholders participating in information sharing Operational (concept and implementation strategy) l l Aspects of information sharing related to cost efficiency, licensing, cost recovery etc. Organisational (concept and implementation strategy) l l Regulatory aspects of information sharing (who can act as the regulator for what) Business (concept and implementation strategy) l l Information ownership and liability aspects in an information sharing environment Mechanisms for ensuring timely information availability, anticipating upcoming information needs, and managing information acquisition, storage, dissemination, security and quality in line with rules, roles and responsibilities of stakeholders Technical (concept and implementation strategy) l Automation concept & strategy and technology selection concept & strategy – for ensuring information integration in an environment of distributed co-operating stakeholders working with distributed fast-changing shared information – for implementing the operational, organisational, business, institutional and legal sub-strategies EUROCONTROL May 2000 EATMP System-Wide Information Management (SWIM) 17

Public/Private Model for Global SWIM Services…. . SWIM Provider 1 SWIM Provider 4 SWIM Provider 3 SWIM Provider 2 Canada SWIM Europe SWIM USA SWIM Korea SWIM China SWIM Japan SWIM Brazil SWIM S. Africa SWIM Issue: Coordination between two or more “Global SWIM Providers”. 18 Australia SWIM