SWBAT Identify define discuss key terms people surrounding

SWBAT • Identify, define, discuss key terms & people surrounding the Russian Revolution • Czar/Tsar Nicholas II • Rasputin • Bolsheviks • Bloody Sunday • Vladimir Lenin & his New Economic Policy • Lenin vs. Marx

Russian Revolution Peace, Land, Bread

3 Major causes of Bolshevik/Russian Revolution • Weakness of Czar Nicholas II • WWI: mismanagement & costly in both $ and lives • Sharp differences between social classes

Bloody Sunday January 22, 1905 The Czar’s Winter Palace in St. Petersburg

Bloody Sunday January 22, 1905 • Imperial Guard fired on demonstrators in St. Petersburg (wanted improved working conditions and fairer wages) • Blatant disregard for the common people • Raising food prices & low wages

Russia Humiliated in Russo. Japanese war September 1905

Russian Revolution 1917 • Russia is in WWI on the same side as the allies • Russia is in the early stages of Industrialization. This causes Russia to suffer greatly in the war & the people in Russia are starving (emancipated serfs = ↑ in urban working class)

Czar Nicholas=Absolute ruler (autocrat) • Czar Nicholas refuses to take Russia out of WWI. He wants to honor the alliances of WWI. But the Russian people want out of WWI.

Nicholas II: The Last Romanov Tsar [r. 1894 -1917]

The Tsar & His Family

Alexandra: The Power Behind the Throne • Committed to tyranny • under the influence of Rasputin • Origins of Rasputin’s power – “mystic healer” • Scandals discredited the monarchy

Other Problems in Russia… • • • Food shortages Housing shortages Fuel shortages Little middle class, most are peasants Many nationalities in Russia mistreated

THE TWO REVOLUTIONS OF 1917 • The March Revolution (March 12) • The November Revolution (November 6)

March Revolution 1917 “Peace and Bread!” “Down With The War!”

March 1917 the first revolution • Czar Nicholas has lost control of his army. A provisional or temporary government is set up run by Alexander Kerensky – The Czar and his family will all be executed • The provisional government is trying to set up a democracy. However this takes time. The provisional government makes the same mistake as Nicholas II, they fail to take Russia out of WWI. The suffering continues.

October/November 1917 the second revolution • The Bolshevik/Russian/Communist Revolution • The Bolsheviks are Russian communists. They promise the Russian people "Peace, Bread, and Land" if they support the Bolsheviks coming to power. The Russians are lead by V. Lenin –Let’s take a closer look. . . • In November 1917 the Bolsheviks overthrow the Provisional government to take Russia out of WWI.

Lenin—Bolshevik/Russian Revolution ▪ Promises: ➢ “Peace, Land, Bread” ➢“Worker Control of Production” ➢“All Power to the Soviets” ➢Soviets=council of workers’ & soldiers’ deputies

The Soviet Union • Russia becomes the Soviet Union. The worlds 1 st communist country. The USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) • This is really "Authoritarian Socialism" • Lenin becomes the first dictator of the Soviet Union, this is a Totalitarian government

Bolshevik Revolution “We are on the threshold of a world proletarian revolution” • Lenin w/help of Leon Trotsky (Chairman of Petrograd soviet) seizes power on Nov. 6, 1917 – Redistributes farmland to peasants – Control of factories given to workers – Withdrew from WWI • Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (March 1918) – Russian Civil War

Lenin • Adapted ideas of Karl Marx (Communist Manifesto) to meet the needs of Russia Marx: ▪ Revolution would begin with the proletariat (workers) Lenin: ▪ Revolution would come from Bolshevik party elites

Reforms of Vladimir Lenin • New Economic Policy (NEP) • Lenin’s Plan for Russia’s economy Creates limited capitalist reforms to stimulate economy • Some manufactures & farmers are allowed to own their own business and sell for a profit – Dies in 1924 – Battle for succession between Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin