Suzanne C De Janasz Karen O Dowd Beth

Suzanne C. De Janasz | Karen O. Dowd | Beth Z. Schneider Interpersonal Skills in Organizations Chapter 1 Journey into Self-awareness 5 e Copyright © 2015 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education.

Self-awareness § The capacity for introspection and the ability to reconcile oneself as an individual separate from the environment and other individuals § Knowing one's motivations, preferences, and personality and understanding how they influence one's: § Judgment § Decisions § Interactions with other people Copyright © 2015 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education. 2

Importance of Self-awareness Helps understand yourself in relation to others Helps develop and implement a strong self-improvement program Aids in setting meaningful life and career goals Aids in developing relationships with others Helps understand the value of diversity Helps manage others effectively Increases productivity Increases one's ability to contribute to others Copyright © 2015 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education. 3

Importance to Managers § Managers who are self-aware: § Are superior performers § Have a greater understanding of others § Can relate to or empathize with co-workers § Are more trusted and perceived as being competent Copyright © 2015 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education. 4

Importance to Managers § Are able to reduce the potential for conflict § Are more likely to be open to feedback § Are able to create trusting and productive work environments Copyright © 2015 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education. 5

Lack of Self-awareness § Leads to: § Poor decisions § Unrealistic notions of one’s competencies § Incompetence § Career derailment Copyright © 2015 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education. 6

Strategies for Gaining Self-awareness Recognize your weaknesses, strengths, biases, attitudes, values, and perceptions Analyze your own experiences Look at yourself through the eyes of others Self-disclosure Acquire diverse experiences Copyright © 2015 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education. 7

Figure 1. 1 - Means for Obtaining Selfawareness Copyright © 2015 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education. 8

Self-analysis § Stepping back and observing the factors that influence your behaviors, attitudes, thoughts, or interactions § Necessary to increase one's effectiveness personally and professionally § Begins with reflection and exploring your thoughts and feelings § Helps obtain new perspectives based on new insights Copyright © 2015 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education. 9

Behavior § The way in which we conduct ourselves § Influenced by: § Feelings § Judgments and beliefs § Motivations and needs § Experience and others’ opinion § Patterns develop through reactions to events and actions over a period of time Copyright © 2015 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education. 10

Components of Behavior § Motivation: Drive to pursue one action over another § Modes of thinking: Way one processes the various inputs received by the brain § Modes of acting: Course of action one applies in a given situation § Modes of interacting: Way in which one communicates ideas, opinions, and feelings with others Copyright © 2015 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education. 11

Personality § Relatively stable set of characteristics, tendencies, and temperaments formed by heredity and by social, cultural, and environmental factors § Determine how we interact with and react to various people and situations § Aspects of our personality are a result of nature and environment § Personality traits - Enduring characteristics that describe one's attitude and behavior Copyright © 2015 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education. 12

The Big Five Model § Organizes various concepts into five factors that are representative of the characteristics that can be linked with satisfaction and success § Components § Extroversion: Degree to which one is social or antisocial, outgoing or shy, assertive or passive, active or inactive, and talkative or quiet Copyright © 2015 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education. 13

The Big Five Model § Agreeableness: Degree to which one is: § Friendly or reserved § Cooperative or guarded § Flexible or inflexible § Trusting or cautious § Good-natured or moody § Soft-hearted or tough § Tolerant or judgmental Copyright © 2015 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education. 14

The Big Five Model § Emotional stability: Degree to which one is consistent in how he/she: § Reacts to certain events § Weighs options before acting § Looks at a situation objectively Copyright © 2015 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education. 15

The Big Five Model § Conscientiousness: Degree to which one: § Is dependable § Can be counted on § Follows through on commitments § Keeps promises § Openness to experience: Considers whether one is interested in broadening his/her horizons or limiting them Copyright © 2015 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education. 16

Big Five Locator Questionnaire § Answer all questions on page 19 § Read and complete “Scoring” on page 20 § Put scores on Conversion Sheet on page 21 § Complete Big Five Locator Interpretation Sheet on page 22 Copyright © 2015 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education. 17

Self-monitoring § Ability to regulate one's thinking before speaking or acting § Helps § Assess the needs of others or of a situation and adapt behavior and interactions accordingly § Assess one's own behaviors and attitudes and diagnose which elements one is satisfied with § Identify and develop plans for addressing aspects that one wants to change Copyright © 2015 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education. 18

Self-monitoring § Set personal standards in accordance with certain accepted norms § High self-monitors - Constantly adapt their true selves to conform to a situation or expectations § Low self-monitors - Display their feelings, attitudes, and behaviors in every situation § Understanding personality dimensions helps § Realize areas for personal and professional growth § In selecting a career Copyright © 2015 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education. 19

Complete Exercise 1 -C § Self-Monitoring Questionnaire - Page 23 Copyright © 2015 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education. 20

Attitudes § Evaluative statements or learned predispositions to respond to an object, person or idea in a favorable or unfavorable way § Determined by the emotions we choose to act on § Impact one’s professional and personal relationships Copyright © 2015 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education. 21

Perceptions § Process by which you select, evaluate, and organize information and make sense of it § Are person-specific § Individual perception is: § Not always consistent with reality § The perceiver’s interpretation of reality § Formed based on the perceiver’s biases Copyright © 2015 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education. 22

Figure 1. 2 - Factors That Affect Perceptions Copyright © 2015 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education. 23

Perception Filters Stereotyping • Making assumptions about an individual or a group based on generalized judgments rather than on facts Selective perception • Interpreting information for meaning and accuracy, and discarding information that is threatening or not relevant Projection • Attributing one’s own attitudes, characteristics, or shortcomings to others Expectations • Forming an opinion about how we would like an event to unfold, a situation to develop, or a person to act, think, or feel Interest • Basing our activities and inputs on things that are likeable or appealing to us Copyright © 2015 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education. 24

Attribution Theory (Weiner, 2000) § Demonstrates that individuals tend to decide that a behavior is caused by a particular characteristic or event § Attributions or judgments are based on our personal observation or evaluation of the situation § Future decisions and behaviors are based on our perception of why something happened § Attributing outcomes to controllable factors is a stronger indicator of future behavior Copyright © 2015 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education. 25

Attribution Theory § Self-serving bias: Overestimating internal factors for successes and blaming external factors for failures § Leads to an incorrect evaluation of one’s strengths and weaknesses § Fundamental attribution error: Overestimating the impact of internal factors and underestimating the influence of external factors when evaluating the behavior of others Copyright © 2015 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education. 26

Social Mirror § Gaining self-awareness by understanding how others view us and how we are shaped by others’ opinions of us § Learning to read accurately how others see us enhances our self-maps, images and judgments of ourselves § Can be wrong or only partially correct Copyright © 2015 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education. 27

Self-disclosure § Sharing one's thoughts, feelings, and ideas with others without self-deception or distortion § Key factor in improving self-awareness § Verbalizing our perceptions enables us to: § Verify our own beliefs § Affirm our self-concept § Validate data received from an objective source Copyright © 2015 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education. 28

Diverse Experiences § Self-awareness can be increased by acquiring multiple experiences § In diverse situations and with diverse others § That facilitate use of one’s existing skills and help acquire new skills § That help gain new information about oneself and increase one’s ability to interact with the world § That test one’s abilities, values, and goals Copyright © 2015 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education. 29

Complete Social Mirror (on your own) § Read The Social Mirror Exercise and complete on your own during the next few weeks § BREAK! Copyright © 2015 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education. 30