SUTRA Sustainable Urban TRAnsportation ARPAL Municipality of Genoa

SUTRA [ Sustainable Urban TRAnsportation ] ARPAL Municipality of Genoa Final Meeting and Project Review June 24 th 2003, Gdansk THE GENOA CASE HISTORY Fifth framework programme of the European Community Environment and sustainable development

Genoa lies in an extremely narrow, 30 km long coastal plain - highly dense urban territory City centre: 276. 278 inhabitants 28 km 2 Area Urban Territory: 603. 896 inhabitants 239 km 2 Area

–TGenoa transport system - main characteristics Private Transport 1402 km of streets network car 340. 000 motorcycle 95. 000 Taxi 869 Bus 916 LDV 35. 000 Highways (2002) : 75. 058. 628 vehicles in/out at the local (7) gates Public Transport 154 32 785 123 million Km lines passengers in 2002 Km covered bus network 2. 462 stops Modal share (6: 30 a. m. - 9: 30 a. m): • Motocycles 15, 1 % • Cars 38, 4 % • Public Transport – railway 4, 1 % • Public Transport – road 42, 4 %

SUTRA [ Sustainable Urban TRAnsportation ] VISUM: BASELINE SCENARIO Private network v. Public network v 278 nodes; v 52 PT lines; v 668 links; v 390 stops; v 72 O/D zones. Municipal Network (+ 9 external centroids) SUTRA DOMAIN Provincial Network Fifth framework programme of the European Community Environment and sustainable development ARPAL

SUTRA [ Sustainable Urban TRAnsportation ] The Genoa case history Few remarks about the 24 -hours simulation 1. 24 -hours simulations “ 24 -hour” Private O/D matrix : derived from two peak-hours matrices (6: 30 - 9: 00 a. m. and 5: 00 - 8: 00 p. m. ) and adapted on the base of reliable traffic flow daily profile: 24 -hr Pr O/D matrix = 3, 30 * AM-peak-hour + 3. 15 * PM-peak-hour “ 24 -hour” Public O/D matrix: data not so precise as in previous case, (as suggested by Public Transport Agency), the two peak-hours matrices (6: 30 -9: 00 a. m. ; 5: 00 -8: 00 p. m. ) added and result multiplied by a factor 4: 24 -hr Public O/D matrix = (AM-peak-hour + PM-peak-hour)*4 Fifth framework programme of the European Community Environment and sustainable development ARPAL

SUTRA [ Sustainable Urban TRAnsportation ] The Genoa case history q VISUM: Assignment and calibration 1. 24 -hours simulations 2. VISUM Assignment Baseline Indicators – 24 -hours assignment Fifth framework programme of the European Community Environment and sustainable development ARPAL

SUTRA [ Sustainable Urban TRAnsportation ] The Genoa case history q TREM simulations 1. 24 -hours simulations 2. VISUM Assignment 3. TREM simulations Gasoline Passenger Cars (. . . ) cc<1. 41 1972 cc<1. 41 Genoa case Italian fleet composition (MEET) – yr 2000 Data available on Genoa, yr 2000 Gasoline Pc Diesel Pc GPL and Natural gas Pc Gasoline LDV Diesel LDV HDV Bus Coaches Motorcycles New Technologies 55. 45% 5. 20% 1. 02% 0. 93% 2. 53% 0. 27% 34. 05% 0. 00% Thanks to additional data provided by UAV and from Genoa case specific data, it was possible to UPDATE vehicular fleet for the baseline scenario Fifth framework programme of the European Community Environment and sustainable development 1986 -1991 1977 (ECE 15 -04) 27. 3 1. 41<cc<2. 01 cc>2. 01 (. . . ) cc<1. 41 7. 62 0. 26 1. 41<cc<2. 01 cc>2. 01 (. . . ) New Technologies Passengers Electric Vehicles LDV Vehicles Passengers Hybrid Electric Passengers LDV Vehicles LDV Passengers Fuel. Cell Fuel LDV Vehicles Urban Bus 0 0 00/01) 2006 -2010 (EURO 4) 0 N/D N/D ARPAL

Genoa – Baseline scenario (CO emissions)

SUTRA [ Sustainable Urban TRAnsportation ] The Genoa case history TREM: result analysis 1. 24 -hours simulations 2. VISUM Assignment 3. TREM simulations “Validation” of the TREM results: spatially disaggregated traffic emission through a comparison with “CORINAIR” emission coefficient: spatially aggregated (top-down approach) traffic emission Use of averaged emission coefficients developed by ANPA (Italian national Environmental Protection Agency) for typical Italian urban driving cycles. Comparison at “elementary data”: • Selected vehicle class (e. g. , pre-ECE, <1. 4 l) • Selected emission (e. g. , “hot”, “cold”) Fifth framework programme of the European Community Environment and sustainable development ARPAL

SUTRA [ Sustainable Urban TRAnsportation ] The Genoa case history TREM: result analysis 1. 24 -hours simulations 2. VISUM Assignment 3. TREM simulations SUTRA provided spatial disaggregation and increased accuracy compared with previously developed emission factor data sets Fifth framework programme of the European Community Environment and sustainable development ARPAL

SUTRA [ Sustainable Urban TRAnsportation ] ISC: result analysis CO (traffic related, chemically inert) The Genoa case history 1. 24 -hours simulations 2. VISUM Assignment 3. TREM simulations 4. ISC simulations Validation of dispersion model results with available measurements Position of measuring stations compared to concentration maps from city level models Fifth framework programme of the European Community Environment and sustainable development ARPAL

SUTRA [ Sustainable Urban TRAnsportation ] The Genoa case history ISC: result analysis Fifth framework programme of the European Community Environment and sustainable development 1. 24 -hours simulations 2. VISUM Assignment 3. TREM simulations 4. ISC simulations ARPAL

SUTRA [ Sustainable Urban TRAnsportation ] The Genoa case history Analysis of behaviours of Lisbon and Genoa facing Common Scenarios Implementation on two strongly different urban shape and texture of the same future scanarios: Lisbon Genoa Fifth framework programme of the European Community Environment and sustainable development ARPAL

SUTRA [ Sustainable Urban TRAnsportation ] The Genoa case history Transportation system response to CSs: 1) Variation in time spent to cover a kilometer -In conditions of traffic congestion -In traffic Jams The “linear” town reacts in a more rigid way to exogenous pushes than the distributed town, this reflects in time spent to cover a km of network Fifth framework programme of the European Community Environment and sustainable development - Total 2) Ratio between Lisbon and Genoa ARPAL

SUTRA [ Sustainable Urban TRAnsportation ] The Genoa case history Traffic emissions forecasted in CSs: Lisbon CO Genoa Lisbon CO 2 Genoa Lisbon NOx Genoa Lisbon Fifth framework programme of the European Community Environment and sustainable development Pm SO 2 VOC Genoa Emission indicators have similar behaviour to transportation indicators, with specific patterns according to single pollutants Genoa ARPAL

SUTRA [ Sustainable Urban TRAnsportation ] The Genoa case history Dispersion modeling in the two cities: City scale dispersion models: Concentration map for CO on the whole urban area of Genoa Fifth framework programme of the European Community Environment and sustainable development ARPAL

SUTRA [ Sustainable Urban TRAnsportation ] The Genoa case history Dispersion modeling in the two cities: Urban Canyon models Dispersion 3 -D map on the Lisbon Hot Spot Fifth framework programme of the European Community Environment and sustainable development ARPAL

SUTRA [ Sustainable Urban TRAnsportation ] The Genoa case history Concentration of pollutants in CSs: Lisbon NOx Lisbon CO Lisbon Pm 10 Genoa Already compromised areas (Hot Spot) suffer dramatically strong variations in emission levels in their peak values Average concentrations are not directly comparable to measured data and usually underestimated Genoa Fifth framework programme of the European Community Environment and sustainable development ARPAL

SUTRA [ Sustainable Urban TRAnsportation ] The Genoa case history ISC: result analysis Fifth framework programme of the European Community Environment and sustainable development 1. 24 -hours simulations 2. VISUM Assignment 3. TREM simulations 4. ISC simulations ARPAL

SUTRA [ Sustainable Urban TRAnsportation ] The Genoa case history Concentration of pollutants in CSs: Geometry of the AQ stations network is projected to measure hot spot data, therefore city level averages are generally underestimated -Next refining will be analysis of values in a smaller monitored area Fifth framework programme of the European Community Environment and sustainable development ARPAL

SUTRA [ Sustainable Urban TRAnsportation ] The Genoa case history q Conclusion and Outlook: ü SUTRA has offered a unique opportunity to: • • • develop, calibrate and validate an “integrated transport & impact assessment modelling suite”; compare the obtained results with previous experiences; investigate future and city specific scenarios. 1. 24 -hours simulations 2. VISUM Assignment 3. TREM simulations 4. ISC simulations 5. VADIS simulations 6. Scenario analysis 7. Conclusions & Outlook ü A particolar attention has been done to “put and keep the results in context”, being both Genoa partner (Municipal Transport Office and Regional Environmental Agency) local operative Authorities ü Among the main trade-offs of the SUTRA project: • implementation of an operative transport model (that became the local standard); • synergy bewteen transport and environmental Authorities, as well as other UE partners; • disaggregation and detailed studies of local “hot-spot” for the main transport related pollutants ( recent EU “air quality” directives) Fifth framework programme of the European Community Environment and sustainable development ARPAL