Sustainable Fouling Control 1 Sustainable fouling control Prevention

Sustainable Fouling Control 1

Sustainable fouling control Prevention of biofouling on immersed areas of ships is critical for : • Economic and safe operation of vessels • Management of GHG emissions from shipping • Prevention of translocation of invasive species – protection of marine diversity Antifouling systems must not result in harmful effects on the marine environment 2

Sustainable Fouling Control 3 key elements : i. Vessel risk assessment ii. Choice and application of Antifouling System iii. Inspection and cleaning (if necessary) i. ii. and iii. must not result in harmful effects on the marine environment 3

Sustainable Fouling Control Antifouling biocide ‘toolbox’ : Cuprous oxide Copper thiocyanate Tralopyril (ECONEA) Metetomidine (Selektope) Zinc pyrithione (ZPT) Copper pyrithione (Cu. PT) DCOIT (Sea-Nine) Zinc-ethylene bis dithiocarbamate (Zineb) Cybutryne (Irgarol 1051) 4

Sustainable Fouling Control National / regional regulations ensure no harmful effects from antifouling systems : Examples – antifouling paints : EU Biocidal Product Regulations • pre-market registration • currently reviewing all products applied in EU US-FIFRA Korea Biocidal Product Regulations (K-BPR) Regulate ‘placing on the market’ and ‘use’ 5

Sustainable Fouling Control International Convention in the control of Harmful Antifouling Systems on Ships : Entered into force 2008 Annex of controlled antifouling systems – banned list of biocides : Organotins acting as biocides Cybutryne (Irgarol 1051) - 2021 (application), 2026 (presence on hull) Vessels 400 GT and over must be surveyed and certified as compliant 6

Sustainable Fouling Control of translocation of invasive aquatic species on immersed surfaces IMO guideline issued 2011 Antifouling system installation and maintenance - choice and application of antifouling system Biofouling management plan and record book In-water inspection, cleaning, maintenance National rules in place California – 2017 New Zealand – 2018 Overall poor uptake of IMO guidelines Guidelines under review 2019 - 2020

Glo. Fouling Partnerships Project • Intervention at the global, regional and national levels • Develop best practices and build capacity in developing countries for implementing the IMO and other relevant guidelines for biofouling management • Catalyse overall reductions in the introduction of invasive aquatic species, protect marine biodiversity and reduce GHG emissions Contact: glofouling@imo. org Glo. Fouling Partnerships Project

GEF-UNDP-IMO Partnerships: from Ballast water to Biofouling Glo. Fouling Partnerships Project

Project outcomes Informed policy decision making in participating countries Private Sector partnership to support technology development and adoption Capacity building, awareness-raising and technical assistance Increased stakeholder cooperation and knowledge sharing Glo. Fouling Partnerships Project

Funding GEF grant USD 6. 9 M co-financing USD ~41 M Project duration 5 years Start: Dec-2018 Glo. Fouling Partnerships Project

Selection 12 Lead Partnering Countries(LPCs) 12 Leadof. Partnering Countries 7 Regions Jordan Mexico PERSGA REMPEITC-CA Philippines Sri Lanka Ecuador CPPS SACEP Peru PEMSEA Indonesia Brazil Madagascar Mauritius Glo. Fouling Partnerships Project SPREP Fiji Tonga

over 400 project activitie s 12 12 Technical publications Demonstration sites 6 Global conferences 2 Audiovisual productions 60 Training workshops 1 Global Knowledge hub Glo. Fouling. Partnerships Project

Sustainable Fouling Control Conclusions : • Control of fouling critical essential for sustainable shipping • IMO-AFS prevents harmful effects from antifouling systems but does not fully consider consequences on efficacy • Need for effective antifouling products to prevent translocation of invasive aquatic species and reduction in air pollution from ships • Need for a more holistic approach to sustainable fouling control at IMO 14

Akzo. Nobel a leader in the Marine coatings industry for over 135 years 15

Biofouling - unwanted organisms on immersed substrates 16

The biofouling problem - GHGs Fouling increases drag and fuel • Annual shipping emissions • CO 2 ~800 million tonnes (2. 2% of global total) • SOx ~11 million tonnes • NOx ~18 millions tonnes • By 2050 CO 2 emissions could grow between 50% and 250%. 1 • IMO stated ambition to reduce GHG to 50% of 2008 level by 2050 1) Data: Third IMO GHG Study, 2014 17

Invasive species Translocation via fouled hulls and ballast tanks. Can have devastating effects on native population Source: UNEP/GRID-Arendal Maps and Graphics Library 18

Current state of the art Antifouling coatings (biocidal) • Deep Sea Antifoulings The coating industry has developed a range of high performance products to meet customer requirements • Can effectively prevent fouling for almost all vessel types and inter-continental (deep sea) operational profiles • Biocidal products, mostly based on copper and organic co-biocides • Highly regulated to ensure safe use (environment and human exposure) e. g. Intercept® 8500 LPP 19

Current state of the art Fouling Release coatings An alternative is to use biocide-free fouling release • A smooth surface designed to reduce fouling settlement and adhesion • Proven performance over more than 20 years • Non-biocidal • Smooth surface that results in less drag • The reduction in GHG has been recognised through carbon credits Intersleek® 1100 SR 20

Which coating to choose? 19030 21

UV-C LEDs are effective against biofouling… After 8 months in Dutch waters (Zeeland) on a recreational vessel show that the areas protected with UV are free from all fouling. 22

Conclusion • The coatings industry have paint solutions that can make an immediate impact on sustainability • We can play a part in finding the right paint solution • There are promising solutions for the future FP 7 grant agreement No 614034 23