Sustainable Development Environment Liveable Viable Sustainable Culture 2

Sustainable Development Environment Liveable Viable Sustainable Culture 2 Equitable Economy

Residences Western Beach Villas Conservation Staff Village Tetiaroa Eco-Station Research facility Spa Technical area Gardens The Brando Hotel Residences Southern Beach Villas

Sustainability Goals for The Brando: § Net Zero Energy Use § Site Water Balance § Materials : Local, Recycled, Renewable § Carbon Neutral Transportation § Market Recognition (Validation - LEED)

Net Zero Energy Goals: • Site Energy Net Zero: All energy consumed at The Brando is generated at The Brando • Source Energy Net Zero: All energy consumed at The Brando is generated from renewable energy

Water Balance Goals: • Low Energy Water Independence Limit reliance on desalination • Protect the Water Lens Conservative drawdown Prevent Contamination

Material Goals: • Utilize local materials • Utilize recycled content materials • Source wood sustainably • Use low toxic emissions materials • Recycle construction waste

Carbon Neutral Transportation Goals: • Net zero carbon impact in operational phase • Account for travel related emissions Guests Staff Goods / Fuel / Materials / Waste

Market Recognition/Validation: LEED Rating System • Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design US Green Building Council Label International Recognition • Point System Guideline to Achieving Goals Sustainable Sites Water Efficiency Energy & Atmosphere Materials and Resources Indoor Environmental Quality • 3 rd Party Measurement and Verification Certification based on pre-requisites and credits – Silver, Gold, Platinum

Net Zero Energy Methodology: • LEED approved energy simulation program • All buildings simulated as designed • Results Provide profiles of energy loads, and Predict % energy savings • Model is not complete; final savings to be determined based on design changes

The Brando - Energy Load Profile 100% Process Loads ~ 26% (Refrigeration, Cooking, Dishwashing, Exterior Lighting, Cart Charging, Water Treatment, Waste Water Treatment) Building Loads ~ 74% (LEED Regulated) 80% Process Loads 60% Staff Housing 40% Villas 20% All Other Buildings 0% Load Profile

The Brando - Regulated Load Profile 8% 9% 30% 39% People Equipment Infiltration Conductivity Solar Gain 14%

Net Zero Energy Modeling Results 30 25 24. 7 20. 3 20 15 10 5 0 Tahiti Baseline ASHRAE Kwh/SF/Yr ASHRAE Requirements: -Air barrier -Lighting power -Lighting controls -HVAC controls -Insulation -Glass g-factor

Net Zero Energy Modeling Results 30 25 24. 7 20. 3 20 15 11. 4 10 5 0 Tahiti Baseline ASHRAE Kwh/SF/Yr Design Additional Design Measures: -SWAC (Sea Water A/C) -Equipment Loads -Natural Ventilation

Net Zero Energy Modeling Results 30 25 24. 7 20. 3 20 15 11. 4 10 4. 1 5 0 Tahiti Baseline ASHRAE Design Kwh/SF/Yr Design w/ Renewables Renewable Sources: -500 Kw PV Array -Solar Hot Water (For LEED, SWAC is a design feature, not a renewable energy)

Net Zero Energy Modeling Results 30 25 24. 7 20. 3 20 15 11. 4 10 4. 1 5 0 Tahiti Baseline ASHRAE Design Kwh/SF/Yr Design w/ Renewables -Energy reduction of 80% of total loads -Achieves all LEED points for energy (15% reduction required)

Energy Savings Profile 5% 5% 6% SWAC Equipment 13% Lighting Envelope Nautral Ventilation 71%

SOLAR Energy Voltaic panellings SWAC 2, 4 MW f Zinc-Bromine Flow-Batteries Pipe Ø 450 mm Intake: 900 m deep Ø 20 + years Service Design Life Ø 1000’s of Deep discharge cycles over service lifetime Ø « Environment friendly » , made from highly-recyclable materials « BIOFUEL » Energy Coconut - Coprah oil Generators CETO Wave Energy Electricity + Desalinization

Energy Requirement Production Capabilities 2. 4 MWf Cold Water 1. 4 MWf for the hotel 1. 0 MWf for the residences 3, 455, 000 KWh per year Electricity 2, 100, 000 KWh per year for the hotel 1, 355, 000 KWh per year for the residences Energy Storage Water 110 m 3 of drinkable water per day SWAC Pipe diameter 450 mm Coconut Oil Generators 4 units of 450 KW using 100% of coconut oil; 600 T of coconut oil per year Solar Panels 500 KWC installed; 2950 panels of 170 WC (1. 3 m 2 per panel); 675, 000 KWh per year ZBB Flow Batteries 2 modules of 500 k. W 3 water networks: 1. Drinkable water network – lens & desalination (osmosis) 2. Non-drinkable water network – lens + rain water 3. Watering network – Sewage station Underground lens 70 m 3 per day on Onetahi; 70 m 3 per day on Tiaranau Desalination 110 m 3 per day

CENTRALISED SEA WATER AIR CONDITIONING Building s Titanium cold Exchanger Shallow warm water effluent Chilled water closed loop distribution Cold water : 5/6°C Temperate water : 12/13°C c Deep cold water intake Sea Water Primary closed loop Chilled fresh water Secondary closed loop

Sea Water Air Conditioning (SWAC)

SWAC POSITION Selected Track Ocean Reef Barrier Motu Onetahi – project site Lagoon 2 400 m of pipe Ø 600 m in lagoon trench Ø 140 m in ocean trench Ø 1. 660 m free floating weighted to bottom Motu

CETO Technology – Wave Energy

Net Zero Energy: Closing the Gap Options to reduce final 4. 1 load: 30 Site Net Zero: -Increase PV array > 500 Kw -Develop storage system – Zinc Bromine Flow Battery -Wave Energy 25 20 15 10 5 4. 1 0 Design w/ Renewables Kwh/SF/Yr Source Net Zero: -Bio-fuel generators (coconut oil) -Carbon offsets for transport of fuel to island * *Note: 90% of all coconut oil produced in FP is exported thus transported away using fuel

Water Balance Goals: • Low Energy Water Independence Limit reliance on desalination • Protect the Water Lens Conservative drawdown Prevent Contamination

Water Balance Methodology • Conservation Low flow fixtures and efficient equipment • Reduce Potable Demand Use reclaimed effluent WCs, Urinals, Irrigation, Laundry, Fire Suppression Rainwater Harvesting • 100% Waste Water Treatment to Potable Standard Infiltrated effluent replenishes Lens Ecological treatment Low energy Minimal sludge

Water Load Reduction Fixture and Equipment Standards Flush Fixtures Max Water Use Dual flush toilets 6. 06 / 3. 03 liters per use Urinals 1. 89 liters per use Flow Fixtures Max Water Use Lavatories Public Areas 1. 9 liters per minute Lavatories Villas 8. 3 liters per minute Kitchen Sinks 8. 3 liters per minute Showers 9. 5 liters per minute Process Use Equipment Max Water Use Clothes Washer 307 liters/m 2/cycle Dishwasher with racks 3. 8 liters per rach Ice Machines 76 liters / 45 kg Food Steamers 7. 6 liters / hr Pre-rinse spray valves 5. 3 liters / minute

Water Profile End Use Potable Drinking Water 2. 0 Irrigation 7. 0 Showers 16. 0 Sinks 2. 0 WCs / Urinals 5. 3 Plunge Pools 4. 0 Swimming Pool 5. 0 Laundry 6. 0 Dishwashing 9. 5 Maintenance 3. 0 Spa 25 Total m 3 / day 84. 8 Non-Potable

Water Demand Split End Use Potable Drinking Water 2. 0 Irrigation 7. 0 Showers 16. 0 Sinks 2. 0 WCs / Urinals 5. 3 Plunge Pools 4. 0 Swimming Pool 5. 0 Laundry Dishwashing 6. 0 9. 5 Maintenance Spa Total m 3 / day Non-Potable 3. 0 25 63. 5 21. 3

Water Profile Potable Split Drinking Water 3% 25% Showers 25% Spa 40% Sinks 3% Plunge Pools 6% 75% Pool 8% Dishwasher 15% Non-Potable

Site Water Balance Profile 120% 10% more efficient than LEED 100% 25% less water use from lens or desalination 80% 60% Achieves all LEED points for water 40% 20% 0% LEED Baseline Initial Design Final Design

Material Goals: • Utilize local materials • Utilize recycled content materials • Source wood sustainably • Use low toxic emissions materials • Recycle construction waste

Materials Regional Materials § Limited island resources § Ironwood, non-endemic wood § Pandanus § Coral, sand aggregate Rapidly Renewable Materials § Pandanus § Bamboo flooring FSC (Forestry Stewardship Council) certified sustainably harvested and handled wood for: § Structural Framing § Flooring § Sub-flooring § Wood doors § Finishes § Fixed Furniture Recycled Content § Palmex roofing § Composite decking § Cement § Iron § Insulation Composite Wood Products § Urea-formaldehyde free (Carcinogenic, respiratory irritant, allergic reactions) § Fiberboard, Particle board, plywood Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) § Sealants, paints, primers, adhesives § Limits and threshold compliance § Contribute to excessive ground ozone § Cause smog, crop destruction, respiratory ailments

Construction Waste Management Divert from landfill through recycling or reuse 50% of waste from: § Concrete/Masonry § Carboard § Plastics § Metals § Wood

Carbon Neutral Transportation Goals: • Net zero carbon impact in operational phase • Account for travel related emissions Guests Staff Goods / Fuel / Materials / Waste

Brando Boundary Options Boundary 1: All carbon associated with travel on the island Boundary 2: Transportation from Tahiti to The Brando Boundary 3: International transportation to Tahiti

Boundary 1: Tetiaroa § Bikes provided for all guests § All motorized vehicles are electric Boundary 2: Tahiti § Docks and airport within 500 m of public transport § Shuttle to Air Tetiaroa from ICT international terminal § Staff incentives for using public transportation § Carbon-offset purchase for inter-island transport Boundary 3: International § Guest option to purchase carbon offsets

Issues Encountered in Sustainable Goals § Tight insulated envelope vs traditional breathable design Risk of humidity damage Cost/benefit of insulation with low marginal cost of SWAC May encourage more AC use § Window design Solar gain and conductivity loss vs light energy savings § Closing the water loop Effluent to potable Administrative opposition Rationale of roof rain water capture (lens reservoir) § Difficulty and cost of closing energy gap Transportation and boundary definition are key § Limits to going green in remote island locations Local recycling capability Availability of reused, recycled or local materials Politics (pandanus monopoly), availability

MAURU’URU !