Sustainable cultural policy and cultural management in a
Sustainable cultural policy and cultural management in a globalised world “Funding the arts in Asia” Katelijn. verstraete@asef. org Asia-Europe Foundation
Role of the arts in a globalised world • rapid changing global environment • big shifts for the arts • cohesion and division simultaneously • 3 rd industrial revolution : towards collaborative power • need for flexibility, adaptability and creativity • ready to explore these changes? • need to take responsibility - solidarity, subsidiarity, dignity -> changing landscape for culture -> need for alignment with new modes of engagement -> changing role of the arts
Arguments for funding the arts -fostering understanding between different communities (local and global) -> give sense, create better relations -promoting economic prosperity -> creative industries, creative workforce -addressing social and educational needs - Enhancing innovation and creativity -> human, cultural and social capital investment -> need for stronger advocacy for the arts
Funding the arts in Asia Public policies • diversity in funding policies • hard to find information and statistics -> research on arts funding policies (IFACCA) • need for more dialogue and sharing of best practices -> World Cultural Policies in Asia (www. worldcp. org) initiative by IFACCA, ASEF in cooperation with National Governments in Asia ASEM countries
Funding the arts in Asia Public policies: China • Focus on heritage and international exchange • Focus on infrastructure, international cultural centers, own programmes and awards • Since 2001 focus on cultural industries • Role of CFLAC in funding the arts • Culture cornerstone but no sufficient support • No nurturing of homegrown arts industry • Cities: cultural foundations
Funding the arts in Asia Public policies: India • Policy ‘schemes’ • Broadening and deepening initiatives addressing gaps -> Building Grants • More dialogue between sector and government • Government keen to build better relations with NGO’s – NGO partnership system • Better access to information http: //indiaculture. nic. in • Public consultation • Role ICCR – India council for cultural relations
Funding the arts in Asia Public policies: Hong Kong • Develop HK to international cultural metropolis -> Asia cultural cooperation forum -> regional ambition -> West Kowloon Cultural District • Raise cultural literacy • Relatively low government spending on arts • Allocation towards arts groups, programmes and art education
Funding the arts in Asia Public policies: Singapore • Develop Singapore as distinctive global city for the arts • Part National Arts Council income is from private sector • Grants mainly to performing arts • Only 5% for international • Growth faster than resources available • http: //give 2 arts. sg
Funding the arts in Asia Public policies: Korea • Access to culture • Promotion and preservation of Korean culture • Creative industry: improving competitiveness of Korean content industry • Promotion Korean culture abroad • Role of ARKO : 82% grant support / mostly domestic • ARKO Crowd Funding campaign
Funding the arts in Asia Public policies: Japan • Agency of cultural affairs and Japan Foundation • Behind cultural policy development in major countries • Recession : spending cuts • Philanthropy only started in late 80’s • Policies to support charities in 2008 • Creative industries • Need for broader look at cultural policy, connection with urban and industrial policy needed
Funding the arts in Asia Public policies: Mongolia • State main source of funding – lots on hardware and heritage • Necessity for self generated funding/ revenues • No support for international work but international work is important source of funding • Legal framework for more private investment • Role of Arts Coucil Mongolia – completely self funded
Funding the arts in Asia Public policies: Other countries • Indonesia: funding own programmes, little grants • Laos and Myanmar : heritage and national identity , growing funding for the arts, nongovernmental funding encouraged • Philippines: role of media/ education and arts, little support for international • Malaysia: need for non-governmental funds , focus on performing arts
Funding the arts in Asia Private funding • Most funding for the arts is private in Asia • Corporate funding: brand identity over CSR • Philanthropy is growing, also for the arts and on international level -> study by UBS and INSEAD • Private donors: less developed or no data
Funding the arts in Asia Private funding: China -big shift in giving -China foundation center set up in 2011 -If arts and culture, focus on heritage -Corporate sponsorship mainly by foreign brands -> Rudderfin Asia
Funding the arts in Asia Private funding: India • Corporate India no agenda for supporting the arts • Pure branding strategy if support • Philanthropy and private foundations growing: gap in supply and demand • Need for multiple sources of funding • Need for arts sector to lead
Funding the arts in Asia Private funding: Singapore • Private sector support encouraged by government • Double tax deduction • Private foundations • Heritage focus and diaspora, not so much contemporary arts
Funding the arts in Asia Private funding: Indonesia • Mainly for contemporary arts • Big companies (cigarette brands) support the arts • Private investors in contemporary visual arts • Potential for CSR • Potential for crowd funding seen social media penetration rate
Funding the arts in Asia Observations - Most about national promotion Low support for international exchange Little connections with other policies or sectors Main areas: heritage and performing arts Private sector interest in contemporary arts Hardware over software Interest in creative industries Growing interest by family foundations Corporate funding mainly brand identity More support to institutions than individuals
Funding the arts in Asia Opportunities - Tax incentives - Microcredit schemes - Agencies to connect governments and sector (arts and biz) - Corporate partnerships - CSR in the arts - Cross sectorial collaborations - More investment in arts in education - More international exchange to create more opportunities
Funding the arts in Asia Funding International exchanges - Unesco : heritage - International foundations: contemporary practices -> Decreasing international funds - National institutes of culture from Europe and Asia - Mixed support towards institutions and individuals - Regional support limited -> ANA support by foundations and ASEF ‘creative encounters’ -> AAA support almost 100% private -> Hubcity Korea or Asialink : one to many -> Goethe : regional initiatives
Funding the arts in Asia Funding International exchanges : observations - Need for neutral multilateral funding in addition to bilateral and national - Decreasing funding from international foundations - Disconnect between supply and demand - Other challenges than purely financial
Funding the arts in Asia Funding International exchanges : opportunities - ASEF research on ‘ information about funding resources for international cultural exchange in Asia’ - Joint resources in times of crisis: Asia mobility fund - Support towards information exchange platform such as culture 360. org - Support towards networks: input vs output
Funding the arts in Asia principles Given the changing environment keep following principles in mind: -multilevel: public sector, private and ngo cooperation -multisectorial: work with other sectors to make arts more impactful -multilateral: search for common interests and common cooperation toward one goal Role of the arts becomes broader: policies for support need to follow!
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