Sustainable Cities Urban Land Use and Management G

Sustainable Cities: Urban Land Use and Management G. Tyler Miller’s Living in the Environment 13 th Edition Chapter 25 Dr. Richard Clements Chattanooga State Technical Community College

Key Concepts Ø Distribution of urban and rural populations Ø Factors determining urban development Ø Resource and environmental problems in urban areas Ø Effects of transportation systems on urban growth Ø Planning and controlling urban growth Ø Making cities more sustainable and desirable

Urbanization and Urban Growth Ø Urban (metropolitan) area-more than 2, 500 (10 -50 K) Ø Rural area-less than 2, 500 Ø Village-group of rural households, cultural or familial ties Ø City-large, variety of peoples Ø Degrees of urbanization-% of pop. Living in urban area Ø Urban growth: natural increase and immigration

Patterns of Urban Growth Ø Increasing proportion of population-90% urban Growth in developing Ø Great increase in large cities (>1, 000) Megacities-Tokyo, Mexico City (10 mil or more) Ø Increasing rapidly in developing counties Ø Urban growth slower in developed countries Ø Poverty in urban areas increasing (See Spotlight p. 663)

Urbanization in the US Ø Migration to large central cities Ø Migration from cities to suburbs-American Dream –ideal family life. Lower cost of living. Increases urban sprawl. Ø Migration from north and east to south and west –undeveloped areas, green spaces (less water resources) lower cost of living in some locations* Ø Urban sprawl Ø Spatial patterns of development-pg 667 (see Fig. 25 -9 p. 667)

Major Urban Regions in the US Fig. 25 -6 p. 665

Impacts of Urban Sprawl Fig. 25 -8 p. 666

Urban Resource and Environmental Problems Ø Air and water pollution; waste management Ø Reduction in vegetation Ø Importation of food, energy, and materials Ø Climate impacts: urban heat island Ø Noise pollution Ø Impacts on surrounding rural areas

Urban Areas: Inputs and Outputs Fig. 25 -11 p. 669

Urban Heat Island Fig. 25 -13 p. 670

Transportation and Urban Development Ø Individual transit- Advantages and Disadvantages? ? Pg 674 Ø Mass transit Ø Buses Ø Trains Ø Automobiles (See Pro/Con p. 673)

Urban Land-Use Planning and Control Ø Land-use planning (See Case Study p. 677) Ø Ecological land-use planning (See Solutions p. 681) Ø Property taxes Ø Zoning-land designated for specific uses –control growth or protect areas Ø Smart growth-less dependence on cars, discourage urban sprawl Ø Urban growth boundary Ø Cluster development (See Fig. 25 -22 p. 682) Ø Greenways

Solutions: Making Urban Areas More Livable and Sustainable Ø New cities and towns Ø Ecocity (green city) Ø Trees and climate-specific landscaping Ø People-oriented Ø People-involved See Guest Essay p. 684