Surveying a Level Loop Instrument location TYP or

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Surveying a Level Loop Instrument location (TYP) (or Closed Circuit) FS 4. 26 ft

Surveying a Level Loop Instrument location (TYP) (or Closed Circuit) FS 4. 26 ft t S= f 3 7. 1 1 B Elev. 100. 00 ft Turning Point (TYP)

Closed Circuit or Level Loop AUTO LEVEL READINGS STADIA PT (+) BS BM 7.

Closed Circuit or Level Loop AUTO LEVEL READINGS STADIA PT (+) BS BM 7. 13 TP-1 HI (-) FS ELEV 107. 13 X 100. 00 4. 26 102. 87 TOP/BOT STADIA DIST /Angle � HI= Elev + BS Elev= HI-FS

Level Loop (or Closed Circuit) = S B Elev. 100. 00 ft 5 1.

Level Loop (or Closed Circuit) = S B Elev. 100. 00 ft 5 1. 7 ft FS = 2. 99 f t 2 Turning Point Elev. 102. 87

Closed Circuit or Level Loop AUTO LEVEL READINGS STADIA PT (+) BS BM TP-1

Closed Circuit or Level Loop AUTO LEVEL READINGS STADIA PT (+) BS BM TP-1 TBM HI= Elev + BS HI (-) FS ELEV 7. 13 107. 13 X 100. 00 1. 75 104. 62 4. 26 102. 87 2. 99 101. 63 TOP/BOT STADIA DIST /Angle � Elev= HI-FS

Level Loop (or Closed Circuit) BS = 5. 62 ft Elev. 101. 63 ft

Level Loop (or Closed Circuit) BS = 5. 62 ft Elev. 101. 63 ft 5 FS = 4 =6 . 12 ft BS = 0. 94 ft 8 ft 9. 7 FS . 34 =3 BS = 9 . 01 FS ft Elev. 100. 00 ft

Closed Circuit or Level Loop AUTO LEVEL READINGS STADIA PT (+) BS HI (-)

Closed Circuit or Level Loop AUTO LEVEL READINGS STADIA PT (+) BS HI (-) FS ELEV BM 7. 13 107. 13 X 100. 00 TP-1 1. 75 104. 62 4. 26 102. 87 TBM 5. 62 107. 25 2. 99 101. 63 TP-2 0. 94 102. 18 6. 01 101. 24 TP-3 9. 12 103. 32 7. 98 94. 20 3. 34 99. 98 POR HI= Elev + BS TOP/BOT STADIA DIST /Angle � Elev= HI-FS

Closure Error The difference between a measured or calculated elevation and the true or

Closure Error The difference between a measured or calculated elevation and the true or established elevation. Closure Error = Final Elev. – Initial Elev.

Closed Circuit or Level Loop AUTO LEVEL READINGS STADIA PT (+) BS HI (-)

Closed Circuit or Level Loop AUTO LEVEL READINGS STADIA PT (+) BS HI (-) FS ELEV BM 7. 13 107. 13 X 100. 00 TP-1 1. 75 104. 62 4. 26 102. 87 TBM 5. 62 107. 25 2. 99 101. 63 TP-2 0. 94 102. 18 6. 01 101. 24 TP-3 9. 12 103. 32 7. 98 94. 20 POR 3. 34 99. 98 - 100. 00 CLOSURE ERROR = - 0. 02 ft TOP/BOT STADIA DIST /Angle �

Closed Circuit or Level Loop AUTO LEVEL READINGS STADIA PT (+) BS HI (-)

Closed Circuit or Level Loop AUTO LEVEL READINGS STADIA PT (+) BS HI (-) FS BM 7. 13 107. 13 X TP-1 1. 75 104. 62 4. 26 TBM 5. 62 107. 25 2. 99 TP-2 0. 94 102. 18 6. 01 TP-3 9. 12 103. 32 7. 98 POR 3. 34 ELEV TOP/BOT STADIA 100. 00 BS 8. 63 / 5. 63 102. 87 FS 5. 69 / 2. 83 BS 3. 15 / 0. 25 101. 63 FS 4. 44 / 1. 54 BS 6. 67 /4. 57 101. 24 FS 7. 08 / 4. 94 BS 1. 84 / 0. 04 94. 20 FS 8. 94 / 7. 02 BS 10. 42 / 7. 82 DIST /Angle 300 ft 286 ft 290 ft 210 ft 214 ft 180 ft 192 ft 260 ft 248 ft 99. 98 FS 4. 58 / 2. 10 - 100. 00 TOTAL = 2470 ft CLOSURE ERROR = - 0. 02 ft

Level Loop (or Closed Circuit) Instrument location (TYP) 0 29 3 f 00 290

Level Loop (or Closed Circuit) Instrument location (TYP) 0 29 3 f 00 290 ft 210 ft 286 ft ft t 3 8 24 ft 5 19 2 ft 180 ft 4 21 4 ft Elev. 100. 00 ft 260 ft Elev. 101. 63 ft

Allowable Error • The allowable error depends on the type and purpose of the

Allowable Error • The allowable error depends on the type and purpose of the surveying. • In this class, we will use

Reducing Errors • Check that bubble is centered for EVERY rod reading. • Keep

Reducing Errors • Check that bubble is centered for EVERY rod reading. • Keep the rod plumb during each reading. • Establish equal BS and FS reading distances. – Equal reading distances will cancel out any error caused by the line of sight not being parallel with the axis of the bubble tube. – This is not always possible due to terrain.

Common Errors • • Faulty rod reading (verify reading) Rod not fully extended (high

Common Errors • • Faulty rod reading (verify reading) Rod not fully extended (high reading) Tripod movement during reading Confusion between recording BS and FS entries in the field book

Allowable Error Survey data is acceptable

Allowable Error Survey data is acceptable

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