Survey of Organisms Part 1 Bacteria Archaea and
Survey of Organisms Part 1 Bacteria, Archaea, and Protists
Kingdoms and Domains � 3 Domains; 6 Kingdoms � Domain Bacteria Contains Kingdom Bacteria � Domain Archaea Contains Kingdom Archaea � Domain Eukarya Contains Four Kingdoms: �Protista �Fungi �Plantae �Animalia
Prokaryotes (18. 4) � Kingdom Bacteria � Kingdom Archaea � Can survive extreme environments � Most widespread and abundant organisms on earth
Prokaryotes (18. 4) � Prokaryotes have no membrane-bound organelles (no nucleus) � Single celled � DNA is circular and found in the cytoplasm (plasmids) � Prokaryotes often move on their own by gliding or using a flagellum
Bacteria versus Archaea � Bacteria contain a polymer called peptidoglycan in their cell walls; this is not present in Archaea � Bacteria � Archaea are more diverse and widespread found in extreme environments due to a heat resistant substance, isoprene
Bacteria � Three common shapes of bacteria � Bacillus or Rod Shaped � Spirillus or Spiral � Coccus or Spherical
PROTISTS � Great Diversity � Eukaryotes � May be single-celled or multicellular � Can be microscopic or very large � Some reproduce asexually, some reproduce sexually and asexually
PROTISTS, cont. � Plantlike protists ◦ These protists make their own food, like plants, by photosynthesis ◦ May be single-celled, multicellular, or live in colonies ◦ Algae is an example
PROTISTS, cont. � Funguslike protists ◦ These protists decompose dead organisms ◦ Slime molds and water molds are examples � Animal-like protists ◦ these protists consume other organisms ◦ Single-celled
Protozoa ◦ The term used to decribe animal-like protists ◦ Protozoa may have one or more flagella – zooflagellates ◦ Protozoa may have pseudopods (“fake foot”) – a temporary extension of cytoplasm and membrane that helps pull the protozoa along ◦ Protozoa may have cilia – short hairlike structure help protozoa to swim & capture food
Plantlike Protists � Euglenoids ◦ Single-celled protists swim with the aid of flagella ◦ Fresh water or oceans � Dinoflagellates ◦ Single-celled ◦ Plankton (microscopic, live in water) ◦ Some are toxic � Diatoms ◦ Tiny single-cell algae, rigid glasslike shells
- Slides: 11