Surveillance Outline What is surveillance Why we need

Surveillance

Outline • What is surveillance? • Why we need surveillance? • Types of surveillance – Passive surveillance networks – Active surveillance • • Where to do surveillance? Planning of surveillance Group activity Summary of key points

What is surveillance? The searching for, and documenting of, new incursions. It aims to detect new species that slipped the prevention stage and become an incursion

Why we need surveillance? • Early detection of new incursions • Greatest chances of limiting spread and eradication • Identify what invasive species are present in your country • Identify priorities for action • Demonstrate that your country is free from particular invasive species • Assess the effectiveness of your country’s prevention system

Types of surveillance 1. Passive surveillance

Passive surveillance • Relies on networks • Information is gathered as part of their normal activities • Not necessarily targeted at a specific invasive species • Often takes the form of a reporting system

Passive Surveillance Networks • Identify those who can be involved • Contact and Encouragement • Education and training (i. e. what to look for, where to look, when to look and who to report to)

Examples from Samoa

Types of surveillance 2. Active surveillance

Active Surveillance • A planned activity • Information collection is initiated by an interested group(s) • Could be targeted at a specific species (or groups of species • Uses properly designed surveys

Where to do surveillance? • High risk areas (e. g. ports, airports, jetties) • High value and/or sensitive areas (e. g. protected areas, key biodiversity areas)

Some examples • Early detection of mongoose in Samoa • Early detection of mongoose incursion in New Caledonia • Operation Kadridri - surveillance for red imported fire ants in Fiji

Planning of surveillance • Define surveillance purpose – Early detection – Confirming that an island(s) is free of a particular invasive species – Demonstrating that your country is free from a particular invasive species • Define surveillance outputs – Presence/absence – List of islands that are free of a particular species

Planning of surveillance • Define surveillance scope – part of a country, whole country – A particular species, group of species • Define surveillance timeframes – snapshots in time, on-going programme • Skilled people and adequate budgets • Information collection and storage

Planning of surveillance For each target species or groups, need to know : • means of introduction and locations • preferred habitat/diet • dispersal methods • signs of its presence

Signs of presence: droppings

Signs of presence: damage

Sign of presence: damage

Planning of surveillance For each target species or groups, need to know : • means of introduction and locations • preferred habitat/diet • dispersal methods • signs of its presence • detection tools • ease/difficulty of detection • Identification (can it be misidentified? )

Group activity Look at each photograph and decide which animal has left this sign

Identification Networks/Resources • Pestnet: www. pestnet. org • Global Invasive Species Database (GISD): www. issg. org/database • CABI Invasive Species Compendium: www. cabi. org/isc • Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): www. hear. org/pier • Plant. Pono: www. plantpono. org

Identification Networks/Resources • Pacific Invasive Ant Key (PIAkey): http: //itp. lucidcentral. org/id/ant/pia/index. h tml • SPC: MOU with NZ Ministry of Primary Industries Laboratory at Tamaki Campus – ID of Quarantine pests (Contact: Maclean Vaqalo, Macleanv@spc. int) • Ask for help through your own networks

Summary of key points • Surveillance is an essential component of biosecurity • You need a combination of passive and active surveillance • You can increase your surveillance capability through well educated and skilled networks • You need to plan and resource your surveillance activities

Thank you and