Surface Water Chapter 9 Water Cycle Also the

Surface Water Chapter 9

Water Cycle • Also the _____ cycle • Driving force is the ____ • Review: condensation, precipitation, transpiration, evaporation, infiltration • Runoff

Runoff • Water flowing _____ along Earth’s surface – Due to _____ • Can reach a body of water, _____, or ____ the ground – The path the water takes depends on • • Soil composition Rate of precipitation ______ Slope

Streams • If water does not infiltrate the ground or _____, it eventually collects and forms ________ – All streams flow downslope to - ______ elevations • ______ are rivers that flow into other streams

Stream systems • ______ – all the land area whose water drains into a stream system – Can be large or small • _____ – high land area that separates watersheds – Water flows away from the divide

Stream Load • Material that a stream ____ • Carried in three ways – _____: all particles small enough to be held up by the turbulence of the water • Faster water carries _______ particles – Bed load: the sand, pebbles and cobbles that the stream’s water can ____ or ____ along the bed of the stream • Can cause _____ – Solution: materials can be _____ in a stream’s water

Stream Carrying Capacity • The ability of a stream to _______ material • Depends on – ____ • Shape of channel, amount of friction – Amount of water • ____ – volume of water that passes a point in a given time period

Floods • Occur when water spills over the sides of a stream’s ______ • _____ – flat area outside of stream banks covered by excess water • Natural _______ – continuous ridges formed from sediment deposited over time by floods

Flood Stages • Crest – _____ point the water level reaches in a stream • ______ – when the water level in the stream is higher than its banks • Upstream flood – _____ area • ______ flood – large region – Can cause extensive damage

Monitoring and Warning • National Weather Service • FEMA • US Geological Survey