Supreme Court Decisions Amendments APUSH Review BILL OF

Supreme Court Decisions & Amendments APUSH Review

BILL OF RIGHTS • Bill of Rights: 1 st 10 Amendments • 1 st Amendment – Freedom of speech, precedence set by the Zenger Case • 2 nd Amendment – right to possess arms • 3 rd Amendment – prohibits quartering of troops • 5 th Amendment – prohibits self-incrimination • 7 th Amendment – Right to jury trial for civil cases • 8 th Amendment – Prohibits cruel/unusual punishments

IMPORTANT AMENDMENTS • • • 12 th – sets procedure by which President/VP are elected 13 th – Abolition of slavery 14 th – citizenship to former slaves, = protection clause 15 th – universal suffrage to all men 16 th – income tax 17 th – direct election of US senators 18 th - prohibition 19 th – women's suffrage 20 th – “Lame Duck” 21 st – repeals 18 th Amendment (prohibition) 22 nd – 2 term limit 26 th – voting age at 18

Marshall Court – 1801 -1835 (strong gov’t) • John Marshall established SC as powerful branch with the right to declare “unconstitutional” 1. Marbury v Madison (1803) – established judicial review 2. Mc. Culloch v Maryland (1819) – confirmed constitutionality of BUS 3. Dartmouth College v Woodward (1819) – power to regulate contracts 4. Gibbons v Ogden (1824) – power to regulate interstate commerce 5. Worcester v Georgia (1833) – est. tribal autonomy within their own boundaries

Cases over Minorities • Scott v Sandford (1857) “Dred Scott” – slaves not citizens; overturned by 14 th Amendment • Plessy v Ferguson (1896) – established “separate but equal” • Korematsu v US (1941) – legalized detention camps for Japanese-Americans during WWII • Ex Parte Endo (1944) – reverses the above

Civil Rights Cases • Warren Court (1953 -1969) – upheld civil rights found in Bill of Rights • Judicial Activism – The Court extends itself into new areas or reinterprets old cases, like Brown v. Board • Brown v Board of Ed (1954)– declared “separate but equal” segregation in public school unconstitutional • Gideon v Wainwright (1960 s) – right of legal counsel • Miranda v Arizona (1960 s) – Miranda Rights • Griswold v Connecticut (1960 s) – gave married couples right to birth control / privacy • Roe v Wade (1973)– right to abortion

Power of Gov’t Cases • Munn v Illinois (1877) – upheld state granger laws that regulated RRs • Northern Securities (1903) – gov’t has the right to fight monopolies • Schenck v US (1919) – 1 st Amendment can be restricted if speech presents “clear and present danger” • Schechter v US (1936) “Sick Chicken” – declared NRA unconstitutional

LEQs “Throughout our history, the Supreme Court has acted as a partisan political body rather than a neutral arbiter of constitutional principles. ” Assess the validity of this generalization for the period 1800 - 1860. “Analyze the ways in which state and federal legislation and judicial decisions, including those of the Supreme Court, affected the efforts of any TWO of the following groups to improve their position in society between 1880 and 1920. ” African Americans Farmers Workers