Suprarenal gland Suprarenal glands Shape Lower border Hilum

Suprarenal gland

Suprarenal glands Shape Lower border Hilum Medial relations

Relations of Right Suprarenal gland Bare area of Liver IVC Right Kidney Right crus of diaphragm

St om ac h Left kidney Left crus of diaphragm s i n e l p y r te r a c pa s a e r c Relations of the left Suprarenal gland

Right suprarenal gland Triangular, not reaching the hilum of the kidney Directed upward Left suprarenal gland Semilunar reaching the hilum of the kidney Directed downward Anteriorly 1) Bare area of the liver (lateral). 2) Inferior vena cava (medial). 1) Body of Stomach (upper) 2) Body of pancreas and splenic artery (lower). Posteriorly 1) Right kidney. 2) Right crus of diaphragm. 1) Left kidney. 2) Left crus of diaphragm. Medially Inferior vena cava. Abdominal aorta. Shape Lower end Hilum

Blood blood supply • Venous drainage • Right suprarenal vein ends in IVC • Left suprarenal vein ends in left renal vein

Pituitary gland Hypophysis cerebri

Hypophyseal fossa Tuberculum sellae Dorsum sellae - It lies in the sella turcica (saddle like) - It is covered by diaphragma sellae separating it from the hypothalamus

Relations of pituitary gland Above: diaphragma sellae separating it from the hypothalamus. Hypothalamus (1) Below: body of sphenoid Pituitary and sphenoidal air sinus. gland (2) On each side: cavernous Cavernous sinus and its contents. sinus - Inside: ICA & abducent N 6 th - Lateral wall 3 rd= Oculomotor N Body of sphenoid 4 th= Trochlear N Sphenoid air sinus 5 th= Ophthalmic N 5 th= Maxillary N diaphragma sellae

Lobes and Parts of pituitary gland - The posterior lobe is connected to the hypothalamus by infundibulum - The anterior lobe is connected to the brain by blood vessels Pars tuberalis Adenohypophysis Anterior lobe Pars anterior Pars intermedia Hypothalamus Hypophyseal stalk (infundibulum) Neurohypophysis Posterior lobe (Pars nervosa)

Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal portal system Blood supply Superior Hypophyseal artery from ICA outside cavernous sinus Hypophyseal veins Carry hormones into general circulation Hypothalamus - These are venous capillaries arise from the hypothalamus and terminated in the anterior lobe of the gland. - They carry releasing stimulating factors or releasing-inhibiting factors that control hormones of the anterior lobe Inferior hypophysial artery from ICA inside the cavernous sinus

Pancreas

** Pancreas - A combined exocrine Spleen and endocrine gland ** Position, it lies transversely Pancreas across the posterior abdominal wall. • It extends from duodenum tail completely covered by peritoneum (lienorenal ligament) um • It is retroperitoneal except its en od a slight upward inclination. Du (Right) to spleen (Left side), with

Splenic vein CBD 1 st 2 nd neck Head Relations of the head of pancreas Renal vein Post of head 3 rd Uncinate process SMVs

** Relations of the Head of pancreas - It lies in the concavity of the duodenum. 1 - Anteriorly: a- Transverse colon (upper part). b- Small intestine (lower part). 2 - Posteriorly (pancreatic bed): a- Inferior vena cava and two renal veins. b- Common Bile duct. 3 - Uncinate process (projection from the lower and left part of the headmeaning hooked). - Posteriorly, abdominal aorta. - Anteriorly, superior mesenteric vessels.

Portal vein Neck of pancreas Splenic vein Superior mesentric vein Posterior relation of Neck of pancreas: union of superior mesenteric and splenic veins to form portal vein.

Transverse section of the body of pancreas Splenic Artery • Greater omentum attached to the anterior border • Tortuous Splenic artery passes on the superior border

Ant. relations of pancreas - Stomach & lesser sac Pancreas stomach Epigastric Left hypochondriac

Posterior relations body of pancreas 2 2 Organs Arteries veins muscles

1 - Main pancreatic duct (duct of Wirsung); - Runs along the long axis of the pancreas from tail to the head. - It fuses with CBD forming hepato-pancreatic duct that opens into the major duodenal papilla (ampulla of Vater) in the 2 nd part of the duodenum. 2 - Accessory pancreatic duct, begins from the lower part of the head and uncinate process. - It opens into the 2 nd part of the duodenum on the minor duodenal papilla, one inch above the major duodenal papilla. Pancreatic ducts Minor duodenal papilla Major

Arterial supply of pancreas Ceoliac trunk Splenic artery Hepatic artery Gastroduodenal artery Superior Pancreaticoduod a Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal a Superior mesenteric a.

** Applied Anatomy; • Cancer head of pancreas affects structures related to the head leading to 1 - Compression of the common bile duct leading to jaundice. 2 - Compression of the inferior vena cava leading to edema of the lower limb. 3 - Compression of the portal vein leading to ascites. ** Vessels related to the pancreas; 1 - Aorta. 2 - Splenic vessels 3 - Superior mesenteric vessels. 4 - Superior and inferior pancreatico-duodenal vessels 5 - I. V. C. 6 - Two renal veins. 7 - Portal vein.

Qu est ion s Th ank you I/Azzam - 2004