SUPERPAVE BINDER SPECIFICATIONS SELECTIONS Superpave Binder Specs Selections
SUPERPAVE BINDER SPECIFICATIONS & SELECTIONS Superpave Binder Specs & Selections 1
New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE • Fundamental properties related to pavement performance • Environmental factors • In-service & construction temperatures • Short and long term aging Superpave Binder Specs & Selections 2
- 20 20 60 135 Pavement Temperature, °C Superpave Binder Specs & Selections 3
Superpave Asphalt Binder Specification The grading system is based on climate PG 64 - 22 Min pavement temperature Performance Grade Average 7 -day max pavement temperature Superpave Binder Specs & Selections 4
Performance Grades CEC Avg 7 -day Max, o. C 1 -day Min, o. C PG 46 PG 52 PG 58 PG 64 PG 70 PG 76 PG 82 -34 -40 -46 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -46 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -16 -22 -28 -34 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34 ORIGINAL > 230 o. C < 3 Pa. s @ 135 o. C (Flash Point) (Rotational Viscosity) (Dynamic Shear Rheometer) > 1. 00 k. Pa 46 52 52 90 < 5000 k. Pa 10 S < 300 MPa 7 4 25 22 m > 0. 300 19 100 64 100 0 -6 Report Value 28 25 22 19 16 13 31 -12 -18 -24 -30 -36 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 (Bending Beam Rheometer) > 1. 00 % (Direct Tension) Superpave Binder Specs & Selections -24 -30 -36 -18 -24 0 -6 100 (110) 16 7 -12 -18 -24 -30 -36 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 76 82 PAV 100 (110) ( Bending Beam Rheometer) -24 -30 -36 18 -24 70 DSR G* sin 10 82 Mass Loss < 1. 00 % (Dynamic Shear Rheometer) 13 76 DSR G*/sin 58 90 70 RTFO (PRESSURE AGING VESSEL) 20 Hours, 2. 07 MPa DSR G*/sin 64 (Dynamic Shear Rheometer) 46 RV 58 (ROLLING THIN FILM OVEN) > 2. 20 k. Pa FP 25 22 19 16 34 31 28 25 110 (110) 22 19 BBR “S” Stiffness & “m”- value -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 BBR 0 -6 37 34 31 28 25 40 37 28 31 34 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 0 -6 -12 Physical Hardening DT -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 5
How the PG Spec Works CEC Spec Requirement 1 -day Min, C Remains Constant Avg 7 -day Max, o. C o PG 46 PG 52 PG 58 PG 64 PG 76 PG 82 -34 -40 -46 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -46 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -16 -22 -28 -34 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34 ORIGINAL > 230 o. C < 3 Pa. s @ 135 o. C (Flash Point) (Rotational Viscosity) (Dynamic Shear Rheometer) > 1. 00 k. Pa 46 5858 52 46 52 90 7 90 4 25 22 m > 0. 300 19 100 0 -6 Report Value 100 28 7 25 22 19 16 13 31 -12 -18 -24 -30 -36 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 (Direct Tension) Superpave Binder Specs & Selections -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 -36 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 76 100 (110) 16 10 82 82 PAV DSR G* sin > 1. 00 % 0 70 (Dynamic Shear Rheometer) 13 76 Mass Loss < 1. 00 % 100 (110) (Bending Beam Rheometer) -24 -30 -36 -18 -24 70 64 ( Bending Beam Rheometer) -24 -30 -36 18 -24 64 58 Test Temperature < 5000 k. Pa Changes 10 DSR G*/sin (PRESSURE AGING VESSEL) 20 Hours, 2. 07 MPa RV RTFO (Dynamic Shear Rheometer) > 2. 20 k. Pa FP 64 (ROLLING THIN FILM OVEN) S < 300 MPa PG 70 25 22 19 16 34 31 28 25 110 (110) 22 19 BBR “S” Stiffness & “m”- value -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 BBR 0 -6 37 34 31 28 25 40 37 28 31 34 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 0 -6 -12 Physical Hardening DT -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 6
Permanent Deformation CEC Avg 7 -day Max, o. C 1 -day Min, o. C PG 46 PG 52 PG 58 PG 64 PG 70 PG 76 PG 82 -34 -40 -46 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -46 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -16 -22 -28 -34 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34 ORIGINAL > 230 o. C < 3 Pa. s @ 135 o. C (Flash Point) (Rotational Viscosity) (Dynamic Shear Rheometer) > 1. 00 k. Pa 46 52 52 90 < 5000 k. Pa 10 S < 300 MPa 7 4 25 22 m > 0. 300 19 100 64 100 0 -6 Report Value 28 25 22 19 16 13 31 -12 -18 -24 -30 -36 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 (Bending Beam Rheometer) > 1. 00 % (Direct Tension) Superpave Binder Specs & Selections -24 -30 -36 -18 -24 0 -6 100 (110) 16 7 -12 -18 -24 -30 -36 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 76 82 PAV 100 (110) ( Bending Beam Rheometer) -24 -30 -36 18 -24 70 DSR G* sin 10 82 Mass Loss < 1. 00 % (Dynamic Shear Rheometer) 13 76 DSR G*/sin 58 90 70 RTFO (PRESSURE AGING VESSEL) 20 Hours, 2. 07 MPa DSR G*/sin 64 (Dynamic Shear Rheometer) 46 RV 58 (ROLLING THIN FILM OVEN) • Unaged > 2. 20 k. Pa • RTFO Aged FP 25 22 19 16 34 31 28 25 110 (110) 22 19 BBR “S” Stiffness & “m”- value -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 BBR 0 -6 37 34 31 28 25 40 37 28 31 34 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 0 -6 -12 Physical Hardening DT -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 7
Permanent Deformation • Addressed by high temp stiffness – G*/sin on unaged binder > 1. 00 k. Pa – G*/sin on RTFO aged binder > 2. 20 k. Pa Heavy Trucks Superpave Binder Specs & Selections > Early part of pavement service life 8
Fatigue Cracking CEC Avg 7 -day Max, o. C 1 -day Min, o. C PG 46 PG 52 PG 58 PG 64 PG 70 PG 76 PG 82 -34 -40 -46 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -46 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -16 -22 -28 -34 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34 ORIGINAL > 230 o. C < 3 Pa. s @ 135 o. C (Flash Point) (Rotational Viscosity) (Dynamic Shear Rheometer) > 1. 00 k. Pa 46 52 52 90 < 5000 k. Pa 10 7 4 25 22 m > 0. 300 PAV Aged S < 300 MPa 19 100 64 100 0 -6 Report Value 28 25 22 19 16 13 31 -12 -18 -24 -30 -36 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 (Bending Beam Rheometer) > 1. 00 % (Direct Tension) Superpave Binder Specs & Selections -24 -30 -36 -18 -24 0 -6 100 (110) 16 7 -12 -18 -24 -30 -36 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 76 82 PAV 100 (110) ( Bending Beam Rheometer) -24 -30 -36 18 -24 70 DSR G* sin 10 82 Mass Loss < 1. 00 % (Dynamic Shear Rheometer) 13 76 DSR G*/sin 58 90 70 RTFO (PRESSURE AGING VESSEL) 20 Hours, 2. 07 MPa DSR G*/sin 64 (Dynamic Shear Rheometer) 46 RV 58 (ROLLING THIN FILM OVEN) > 2. 20 k. Pa FP 25 22 19 16 34 31 28 25 110 (110) 22 19 BBR “S” Stiffness & “m”- value -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 BBR 0 -6 37 34 31 28 25 40 37 28 31 34 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 0 -6 -12 Physical Hardening DT -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 9
Fatigue Cracking • Addressed by intermediate temperature stiffness – G*sin on RTFO & PAV aged binder < 5000 k. Pa > Later part of pavement service life Superpave Binder Specs & Selections 10
Low Temperature Cracking CEC Avg 7 -day Max, o. C 1 -day Min, o. C PG 46 PG 52 PG 58 PG 64 PG 70 PG 76 PG 82 -34 -40 -46 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -46 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -16 -22 -28 -34 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34 ORIGINAL > 230 o. C < 3 Pa. s @ 135 o. C (Flash Point) (Rotational Viscosity) (Dynamic Shear Rheometer) > 1. 00 k. Pa 46 52 52 90 < 5000 k. Pa 10 S < 300 MPa 7 4 25 22 m > 0. 300 PAV Aged 19 100 64 100 0 -6 Report Value 28 25 22 19 16 13 31 -12 -18 -24 -30 -36 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 (Bending Beam Rheometer) > 1. 00 % (Direct Tension) Superpave Binder Specs & Selections -24 -30 -36 -18 -24 0 -6 100 (110) 16 7 -12 -18 -24 -30 -36 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 76 82 PAV 100 (110) ( Bending Beam Rheometer) -24 -30 -36 18 -24 70 DSR G* sin 10 82 Mass Loss < 1. 00 % (Dynamic Shear Rheometer) 13 76 DSR G*/sin 58 90 70 RTFO (PRESSURE AGING VESSEL) 20 Hours, 2. 07 MPa DSR G*/sin 64 (Dynamic Shear Rheometer) 46 RV 58 (ROLLING THIN FILM OVEN) > 2. 20 k. Pa FP 25 22 19 16 34 31 28 25 110 (110) 22 19 BBR “S” Stiffness & “m”- value -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 BBR 0 -6 37 34 31 28 25 40 37 28 31 34 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 0 -6 -12 Physical Hardening DT -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 11
Low Temperature Cracking CEC Avg 7 -day Max, o. C 1 -day Min, o. C PG 46 PG 52 PG 58 PG 64 PG 70 PG 76 PG 82 -34 -40 -46 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -46 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -16 -22 -28 -34 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34 ORIGINAL > 230 o. C < 3 Pa. s @ 135 o. C (Flash Point) (Rotational Viscosity) (Dynamic Shear Rheometer) > 1. 00 k. Pa 46 52 52 90 < 5000 k. Pa 10 S < 300 MPa 7 4 25 22 m > 0. 300 PAV Aged 19 100 64 100 0 -6 Report Value 28 25 22 19 16 13 31 -12 -18 -24 -30 -36 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 (Bending Beam Rheometer) > 1. 00 % (Direct Tension) Superpave Binder Specs & Selections -24 -30 -36 -18 -24 0 -6 100 (110) 16 7 -12 -18 -24 -30 -36 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 76 82 PAV 100 (110) ( Bending Beam Rheometer) -24 -30 -36 18 -24 70 DSR G* sin 10 82 Mass Loss < 1. 00 % (Dynamic Shear Rheometer) 13 76 DSR G*/sin 58 90 70 RTFO (PRESSURE AGING VESSEL) 20 Hours, 2. 07 MPa DSR G*/sin 64 (Dynamic Shear Rheometer) 46 RV 58 (ROLLING THIN FILM OVEN) > 2. 20 k. Pa FP 25 22 19 16 34 31 28 25 110 (110) 22 19 BBR “S” Stiffness & “m”- value -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 BBR 0 -6 37 34 31 28 25 40 37 28 31 34 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 0 -6 -12 Physical Hardening DT -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 12
Miscellaneous Spec Requirements CEC Avg 7 -day Max, o. C 1 -day Min, o. C PG 46 PG 52 PG 58 PG 64 PG 70 PG 76 PG 82 -34 -40 -46 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -46 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -16 -22 -28 -34 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34 ORIGINAL > 230 o. C Flash. < 3 Pa s 135 o. C Point (Flash Point) @ (Rotational Viscosity) (Dynamic Shear Rheometer) > 1. 00 k. Pa 46 52 52 90 < 5000 k. Pa 10 S < 300 MPa 7 4 25 22 m > 0. 300 19 100 0 -6 Report Value 16 28 7 25 22 19 16 13 31 -12 -18 -24 -30 -36 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 (Bending Beam Rheometer) > 1. 00 % (Direct Tension) Superpave Binder Specs & Selections -24 -30 -36 -18 -24 0 -6 100 (110) DSR G* sin 10 -12 -18 -24 -30 -36 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 76 82 PAV 100 (110) ( Bending Beam Rheometer) -24 -30 -36 18 -24 70 (Dynamic Shear Rheometer) 13 82 Mass Loss 64 100 76 Mass Loss < 1. 00 % DSR G*/sin 58 90 70 RTFO (PRESSURE AGING VESSEL) 20 Hours, 2. 07 MPa DSR G*/sin 64 (Dynamic Shear Rheometer) 46 RV 58 (ROLLING THIN FILM OVEN) > 2. 20 k. Pa FP 25 22 19 16 34 31 28 25 110 (110) 22 19 BBR “S” Stiffness & “m”- value -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 BBR 0 -6 37 34 31 28 25 40 37 28 31 34 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 0 -6 -12 Physical Hardening DT -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 13
PG Binder Selection > Many agencies have established zones PG 52 -28 PG 58 -22 PG 58 -16 Superpave Binder Specs & Selections PG 64 -10 14
Developed from Air Temperatures > 20 years Superpave Weather Database SHR – 6500 stations in U. S. and Canada A-64 P 8 A • Annual air temperatures – hottest seven-day temp (avg and std dev) – coldest temp (avg and std dev) • Calculated pavement temps used in PG selection • Superpave Binder Specs & Selections 15
Reliability • Percent probability of not exceeding design temp > using Normal Distribution Reliability is area under curve to the left of Tdes Frequency of observed temps (Total area under curve = 100 %) Tavg Superpave Binder Specs & Selections Tdes 16
Observed Air Temperatures Topeka, KS 50 % reliability average summer very hot summer 98 % reliability Standard deviation of 2°C 36 40 7 -Day Maximum Air Temperatures Superpave Binder Specs & Selections 17
Observed Air Temperatures Topeka, KS 36 very cold winter 40 average winter -31 -23 -40 -30 standard deviation of 4°C -20 -10 0 Superpave Binder Specs & Selections 10 20 30 40 50 60 18
Convert to Pavement Temperature Ø Calculated by Superpave software Ø High Temperature (20 mm below surface of mixture) Ø Low Temperature (at surface of mix) Superpave Binder Specs & Selections 19
Calculated Pavement Temperatures Topeka, KS pvt > air 56 60 -31 -23 pvt > air -40 -30 -20 -10 0 Superpave Binder Specs & Selections 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 20
PG Binder Grades Topeka, KS PG 64 -34 (98% minimum reliability) PG 58 -28 (50 % minimum reliability) PG grades - six degree increments -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 Superpave Binder Specs & Selections 20 30 40 50 60 70 21
Effect of Rounding to Standard Grades PG 58 -28 (50 % minimum reliability) PG 58 provides 85% reliability PG -28 provides 90% reliability -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 Superpave Binder Specs & Selections 20 30 40 50 60 70 22
Effect of Rounding to Standard Grades -16 -22 -28 needed grade for 50% reliability selected grade for 50% reliability -28 Rounding depends on actual temps! -23 Minimum Pavement Temperatures Superpave Binder Specs & Selections 23
Effect of Loading Rate on Binder Selection 90 kph Dilemma – Specified DSR loading rate is 10 rad/sec – What about longer loading times ? • Use binder with more stiffness at higher temps – Slow - - increase one high temp grade – Stationary - - increase two high temp grades – No effect on low temp grade • Superpave Binder Specs & Selections 24
Effect of Loading Rate on Binder Selection 90 kph • Example – for toll road – for toll booth – for weigh stations PG 64 -22 PG 70 -22 PG 76 -22 Slow Stopping Superpave Binder Specs & Selections 25
Jim’s Produce Ace Trucking Co. ESAL = Equivalent Single Axle Loads Superpave Binder Specs & Selections 26
ESAL Comparison 80 k. N 100 k. N 44 k. N 18, 000 lb. 22, 000 lb. 10, 000 lb. 1 ESAL Superpave Binder Specs & Selections 2. 2 ESAL . 09 ESAL 27
Little Truck 67 k. N 27 k. N 15, 000 lb + 6, 000 lb 0. 48 ESAL 0. 01 ESAL = 0. 49 ESALs BIG TRUCK 151 k. N 34, 000 lb 1. 10 + 151 k. N 54 k. N 34, 000 lb + 12, 000 lb 1. 10 0. 19 Superpave Binder Specs & Selections = 2. 39 ESALs 28
ESAL Comparison Acme Van Lines 3, 500 Superpave Binder Specs & Selections 5, 000 1 29
Effect of Traffic Amount on Binder Selection 80 k. N ESALs 10 - 30 x 106 ESAL – Consider increasing - - one high temp grade • 30 x 106 + ESAL – Recommend increasing - - one high temp grade • > Equivalent Single Axle Loads Superpave Binder Specs & Selections 30
How the PG Spec Works CEC Spec Requirement 1 -day Min, C Remains Constant Avg 7 -day Max, o. C o PG 46 PG 52 PG 58 PG 64 PG 76 PG 82 -34 -40 -46 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -46 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -16 -22 -28 -34 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34 ORIGINAL > 230 o. C < 3 Pa. s @ 135 o. C (Flash Point) (Rotational Viscosity) (Dynamic Shear Rheometer) > 1. 00 k. Pa 46 5858 52 46 52 90 7 90 4 25 22 m > 0. 300 19 100 0 -6 Report Value 100 28 7 25 22 19 16 13 31 -12 -18 -24 -30 -36 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 (Direct Tension) Superpave Binder Specs & Selections -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 -36 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 76 100 (110) 16 10 82 82 PAV DSR G* sin > 1. 00 % 0 70 (Dynamic Shear Rheometer) 13 76 Mass Loss < 1. 00 % 100 (110) (Bending Beam Rheometer) -24 -30 -36 -18 -24 70 64 ( Bending Beam Rheometer) -24 -30 -36 18 -24 64 58 Test Temperature < 5000 k. Pa Changes 10 DSR G*/sin (PRESSURE AGING VESSEL) 20 Hours, 2. 07 MPa RV RTFO (Dynamic Shear Rheometer) > 2. 20 k. Pa FP 64 (ROLLING THIN FILM OVEN) S < 300 MPa PG 70 25 22 19 16 34 31 28 25 110 (110) 22 19 BBR “S” Stiffness & “m”- value -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 BBR 0 -6 37 34 31 28 25 40 37 28 31 34 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 0 -6 -12 Physical Hardening DT -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 31
Summary of How to Use PG Specification Determine – 7 -day max pavement temperatures – 1 -day minimum pavement temperature • Use specification tables to select test temperatures • Determine asphalt cement properties and compare to specification limits • Superpave Binder Specs & Selections 32
PG Grade Increments Superpave Binder Specs & Selections 33
Prediction of PG Grades for Crude Blends 52 -34 52 -40 Low Quality Crudes High Quality Crudes Superpave Binder Specs & Selections Modifier Required 34
Is a PG a Modified Binder? e t a R g n i d a o L f o t c e f f E Re liab ility “Rule of 90” g n i d n u Ro Effe ct o f Tra ffic Example: PG 64 - 34 has a temperature range of 64 to - 34 or 98 C. Therefore, this binder is probably modified !! (Depends on Superpave Binder Specs &Asphalt Source!) 35
Questions – does it all make sense? Superpave Binder Specs & Selections 36
- Slides: 36