Superconducting targets for the production of thin films

Superconducting targets for the production of thin films Paweł Pęczkowski The Henryk Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics PAS Cracow, March the 22 th, 2018 WORKSHOP No 2 „Low and High-Temperature Superconductors: Research and Applications” WORKPAGE

2 q q q q Institutions and people Preparation of raw materials Forming samples Calcination process in the atmosphere of air and heating in an oxygen atmosphere Measurements of samples obtained Type samples – possibilities Applications References WORKSHOP No 2 „Low and High-Temperature Superconductors: Research and Applications” OUTLINE

3 Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials (Paweł Pęczkowski, Ph. D) AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Computer Science, Department of Solid State Physics (Marcin Kowalik, Ph. D; Wiesław Marek Woch, Ph. D DSc; Ryszard Zalecki, Ph. D; Marek Giebułtowski, MSc) The Henryk Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics PAS, Department of Building Apparatus and Scientific Infrastructure (DAI) (Dariusz Bocian, Ph. D) Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research PAS, (Prof. Andrzej Zaleski) The Physics Institute PAS (Prof. Marta Cieplak) Institute of Electron Technology, Department of Microelectronic (Piotr Zachariasz, Ph. D) WORKSHOP No 2 „Low and High-Temperature Superconductors: Research and Applications” INSTITUTIONS AND PEOPLES

4 Mastersizer 2000 laser diffraction particle size analyzer with Hydro 2000 G sample wet dispersion unit (Malvern) SUBSTRATES (starting powders) The measuring range: solid particles in the size range of 0. 02 ÷ 2000 μm dispersed wet Equivalent diameter of a grain d [μm] d (0, 1) d (0, 5) d (0, 9) Y 2 O 3 1. 168 4. 563 10. 541 Ba. CO 3 0. 895 3. 122 11. 027 Cu. O 4. 663 19. 295 47. 026 WORKSHOP No 2 „Low and High-Temperature Superconductors: Research and Applications” PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS

5 Grinding in a planetary ball mill (Fritsch) §type of material: powder mix (Y 2 O 3, Ba. CO 3, Cu. O), in isopropyl alcohol in the weight ratio 1: 1 §amount of sample: 50 grams §revolutions: 240 rpm Grinding Equivalent diameter of a grain d time [μm] §working stations: 2 d (0, 1) d (0, 5) d (0, 9) §material of grinding bowls and media: agate Si. O 2 15 min. 0. 835 2. 690 9. 884 30 min. 0. 813 2. 581 9. 323 §grinding media size: 15 ÷ 19 mm 45 min. 0. 790 2. 478 8. 927 §bowl size: 150 ml 60 min. 0. 767 2. 392 8. 669 75 min. 0. 749 2. 332 8. 480 WORKSHOP No 2 „Low and High-Temperature Superconductors: Research and Applications” PREPARATION OF POWDER MIX

Stages of calcinations process of the powder mix in alumina (Al 2 O 3) crucibles: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Heating to a temperature of 950⁰C for 5 hours. Annealing at a temperature of 950⁰C for 24 hours. Cooling to a temperature of 400⁰C for 3. 5 hours. Annealing at 400⁰C for 24 hours. Cooling samples to room temperature. The muffle furnace for calcination (Nabertherm) Laboratory tube furnace FRH-110/600/1800 (Linn) WORKSHOP No 2 „Low and High-Temperature Superconductors: Research and Applications” CALCINATIONS I, II & ANNEALING IN OXYGEN 6

7 • Manual and semiautomatic hydraulic uniaxial presses up to 300 tons • Automatic mechanical presses • Cold isostatic press • Laboratory presses Laboratory hydraulic press Pressing mold with zirconium oxide insert forming 12, 16, 28 mm diameter samples Pęczkowski P. , Szterner P. , Jaegermann Z. , Kowalik M. , Zalecki R. , Woch W. M. , Effects of Forming Pressure on Physicochemical Properties of YBCO Ceramics, J. Superc. Nov. Mag. , 2018. WORKSHOP No 2 „Low and High-Temperature Superconductors: Research and Applications” FORMING OF SAMPLES FOR ANNEALING IN OXYGEN

8 Crystalline phase YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 -x X-ray diffractometer Bruker AXS D 8 Discover Calcination II Annealing in O 2 54. 9 ± 0. 6 93. 2 ± 0. 6 99. 31 ± 0. 40 Ba. Cu. O 2 1. 8 ± 0. 2 2. 8 ± 0. 2 0. 69 ± 0. 15 Ba. CO 3 11. 9 ± 0. 2 1. 5 ± 0. 2 - Tenorite Cu. O 13. 8 ± 0. 3 - - Y 2 Ba. Cu. O 5 10. 4 ± 0. 2 2. 5 ± 0. 2 - 7. 3 ± 0. 3 - - Ba 2 Cu(OH)6 Y 2 O 3 SEM Phase content of the sample ground for 75 min [wt%] Ba. CO 3 Cu. O YBCO, 800 MPa WORKSHOP No 2 „Low and High-Temperature Superconductors: Research and Applications” PHASE ANALYSIS & MICROSTRUCTURE

9 Pęczkowski P. , Kowalik M. , Zachariasz P. , Jastrzębski C. , Jaegermann Z. , Szterner P. , Woch W. M. , Szczytko J, Synthesis and Physicochemical Properties of Nd-, Sm-, Eu-Based Cuprate High-Temperature Superconductors, Phys. Stat. Sol. A, 2018. WORKSHOP No 2 „Low and High-Temperature Superconductors: Research and Applications” MEASUREMENTS OF HTS PARAMETERS FOR REBCO SAMPLES

10 q composites based on superconductor – multiferroik 12 th Conference for Young Scientist in Ceramics (Pęczkowski P. , Zachariasz P. , Grabski J. ) q composite Er 0. 5 Dy 0. 5 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7 -x (Pęczkowski P. , Kowalik M. , Jaegermann Z. , Szterner P. , Zachariasz P. , Woch W. M. , Synthesis and Physicochemical Properties of Cuprate High-Temperature Superconductor, Acta Phys. Pol. A, 2018). q REBCO composites (where RE - the Rare Earth element) and composites involving several rare earths RE = La, Y, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu q RECCO composites (Choudhary D. , Salunkhe M. M. , Kulmarni D. K. , Synthesis and AC susceptibility of YCa 2 Cu 3 O 7 -x, Che. Inform 36(9), 2005). WORKSHOP No 2 „Low and High-Temperature Superconductors: Research and Applications” POSSIBILITIES

11 § Target for the production of thin layers § Superconducting paints Additional cooperation with: - the Institute of Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, - Institute of Electron Technology, where thin layers of the target produced by the solid-phase synthesis may be obtained. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Professor Adam Witek for initiating the topic of superconducting ceramics at ICi. MB, and fruitful discussions during its implementation. WORKSHOP No 2 „Low and High-Temperature Superconductors: Research and Applications” APPLICATION

12 1. H. K. Onnes (1911), The resistance of pure mercury at helium temperatures, Commun. Phys. Lab. Univ. Leiden. 12, p. 120. 2. J. G. Bednorz, K. A. Müller (1986), Super-conductivity in La 2 -x. Bax. Cu. O 4 in 36 K, Z. Phys. B, 64, p. 189. 3. J. Barden, L. N. Cooper, J. R. Schrieffer (1957), Theory of Superconductivity, Phys. Rev. 108, p. 1175. 4. Peczkowski P. , Kowalik M. , Jaegermann Z. , Szterner P. , Zachariasz P. , Woch W. M. , Synthesis and Physicochemical Properties of Cuprate High-Temperature Superconductor, Acta Phys. Pol. A, 2018. 5. Pęczkowski P. , Szterner P. , Jaegermann Z. , Kowalik M. , Zalecki R. , Woch W. M. , Effects of Forming Pressure on Physicochemical Properties of YBCO Ceramics, J. Superc. Nov. Mag. , 2018. 6. Pęczkowski P. , Kowalik M. , Zachariasz P. , Jastrzębski C. , Jaegermann Z. , Szterner P. , Woch W. M. , Szczytko J, Synthesis and Physicochemical Properties of Nd-, Sm-, Eu-Based Cuprate High-Temperature Superconductors, Phys. Stat. Sol. A, 2018. 7. Choudhary D. , Salunkhe M. M. , Kulmarni D. K. , Synthesis and AC susceptibility of YCa 2 Cu 3 O 7 -x, Che. Inform 36(9), 2005. WORKSHOP No 2 „Low and High-Temperature Superconductors: Research and Applications” REFERENCES