Superbeam HornTarget Integration N Simos BNL EUROnuIDS Target

Superbeam Horn-Target Integration N. Simos, BNL EUROnu-IDS Target Meeting December 15 -18, 2008 1 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE

Superbeam Target-Horn Concept – BNL Study 2 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE

Superbeam Target-Horn Concept – BNL Study 3 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE

The 1 MW BNL Superbeam Study 4 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE

The 1 MW BNL Superbeam Study ESTIMATES OF HORN inner Conductor Heating Joule Heat (conservative estimate) = 1. 335 k. W (for 2. 5 Hz !!) Heat from secondary particles = 10. 3 k. W Radiation from target = 0. 885 k. W TOTAL = 12. 52 k. W. The removal of the generated heat using only the forced helium in the annulus, that is also cooling the target, high helium velocities will be required. Helium with inlet Temp of 144 K and with the surface temperature of the horn maintained at ~ 90 C, the required heat transfer film coefficient is 1624 W/m 2 C requiring He velocities >150 m/s 5 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE

ISSUES • Target – 4 MW and solid target (? ) • Horn – How will any horn perform at 4 MW? - Radiation damage and electrical property degradation - Integration with target and heat removal - Heat removal from the inner conductor (water deluge to cool it) 6 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE

Parameter Space 7 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE

Solid Targets – How far we think they can go? 1 MW ? Answer is YES for several materials Irradiation damage is of primary concern Material irradiation R&D pushing ever closer to anticipated atomic displacements while considering new alloys is needed 4 MW ? Answer dependant on 2 key parameters: 1 – rep rate 2 - beam size compliant with the physics sought A 1: for rep-rate > 50 Hz + spot > 2 mm RMS 4 MW possible (see note below) A 2: for rep-rate < 50 Hz + spot < 2 mm RMS Not feasible (ONLY moving targets) NOTE: While thermo-mechanical shock may be manageable, removing heat from target at 4 MW might prove to be the challenge. BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE 8

Irradiation Effects on CRITICAL Target Properties • Graphite vs. Carbon-Carbon Composite (it may be that CC is a viable alternative to graphite !!!! NOT SO FAST) 9 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE

Irradiation & Oxidizing Environment Effects on Horn Conductor Horn material prior to irradiation Horn material following irradiation 10 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE

Irradiation & Oxidizing Environment Effects on Horn Conductor 11 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE

The Al. Be. Met Choice 12 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE

The Al. Be. Met Choice 13 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE

Overview of R&D Realized to-date on Solid Targets • Target Shock Studies • Radiation damage to target & horn 14 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE

Solid Targets 15 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE

Target Shock Studies 16 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE

Beam-induced shock simulation 17 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE

Beam-induced shock simulation 18 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE

Pulse Structure 19 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE

Why is Pulse Structure Important? Target 25 Ge. V 16 Ge. V 8 Ge. V Energy Deposition (Joules/gram) Copper 20 376. 6 351. 4 234 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE

Graphite-CC experience 21 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE

Graphite-CC experience 22 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE

Graphite-CC experience Threshold ~ 10^21 p/cm 2 23 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE

Graphite-CC experience 24 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE

Graphite-CC experience Accelerator Experience: TRIUMF Target; LANL Target; PSI Target : s om ew he re 10 ^2 1 -1 0^ 22 p/ cm 2 Water-cooled/Edge-cooled TRIUMF target nc e radiation-cooled Fl ue High operating temp ~1100 C 25 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE

Graphite-CC experience 3 -D CC (~ 0. 2 dpa) conductivity reduces by a factor of 3. 2 2 -D CC (~0. 2 dpa) measured under irradiated conditions (to be compared with company data) Graphite (~0. 2 dpa) conductivity reduces by a factor of 6 W (1+ dpa) by factor of ~4 Ta (1+ dpa) reduction Ti-6 Al-4 V (~ 1 dpa) ~ 10% reduction 26 reduced ~ 40% BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE

super-Invar 27 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE

“Gum” metal 28 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE

Gum metal 29 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE

Radiation Damage Studies – High-Z Materials Tantalum 30 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE

Urgent R&D Target material irradiations to 4 -MW level fluences Study of Albemet as Horn and/or Target Material Irradiation damage of insulators Heat transfer tests for multi-MW demand 31 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE