Sun Moon Earth How do they work together

Sun, Moon, Earth, How do they work together to help life survive? The Planets

What is a planet? • According to the IAU (International Astronomical Union) a planet must meet these three guidelines.

What is a planet? • According to the IAU (International Astronomical Union) a planet must meet these three guidelines. 1. Is in orbit around the sun.

What is a planet? • According to the IAU (International Astronomical Union) a planet must meet these three guidelines. 1. Is in orbit around the sun. 2. Has enough mass to maintain a nearly round shape.

What is a planet? • According to the IAU (International Astronomical Union) a planet must meet these three guidelines. 1. Is in orbit around the sun. 2. Has enough mass to maintain a nearly round shape. • Called hydrostatic equilibrium.

What is a planet? • According to the IAU (International Astronomical Union) a planet must meet these three guidelines. 1. Is in orbit around the sun. 2. Has enough mass to maintain a nearly round shape. • Called hydrostatic equilibrium. 3. Has cleared the neighborhood around its orbit.

What is a planet? • Dwarf Planets:

What is a planet? • Dwarf Planets: – Must do #1 and #2.

What is a planet? • Dwarf Planets: – Must do #1 and #2. – Does not do #3.

What is a planet? • Dwarf Planets: – Must do #1 and #2. – Does not do #3. – Is not a satellite.

What is a planet? • Dwarf Planets: – – Must do #1 and #2. Does not do #3. Is not a satellite. Currently there are 5 dwarf planets: • • • Ceres (between Mars and Jupiter) Pluto Makemake Eris Haumea

Mercury:

Mercury: • Temperature range: believed to be from -184°C to 427°C

Mercury: • Temperature range: believed to be from -184°C to 427°C • Rotation time: 58. 6 Earth days.

Mercury: • Temperature range: believed to be from -184°C to 427°C • Rotation time: 58. 6 Earth days. • Orbit: 88 Earth days

Mercury: • Temperature range: believed to be from -184°C to 427°C • Rotation time: 58. 6 Earth days. • Orbit: 88 Earth days • Mass: The Earth is 18 times more massive than Mercury.

Mercury: • Temperature range: believed to be from -184°C to 427°C • Rotation time: 58. 6 Earth days. • Orbit: 88 Earth days • Mass: The Earth is 18 times more massive than Mercury. • Diameter: 4, 878 km (about 40% of the Earth’s

Mercury: • Moons: none

Mercury: • Moons: none • Water: Polar ice that never melts.

Mercury: • Moons: none • Water: Polar ice that never melts. • Atmosphere: very thin, contains H, He, O, Na, Ca, and K. Removed and replenished constantly.

Mercury: • Moons: none • Water: Polar ice that never melts. • Atmosphere: very thin, contains H, He, O, Na, Ca, and K. Removed and replenished constantly. • Gravity: 100 pounds on the Earth weighs 37. 8 pounds on Mercury.

Mercury: • Moons: none • Water: Polar ice that never melts. • Atmosphere: very thin, contains H, He, O, Na, Ca, and K. Removed and replenished constantly. • Gravity: 100 pounds on the Earth weighs 37. 8 pounds on Mercury. • Discovered: Known since ancient times.

Mercury: • Moons: none • Water: Polar ice that never melts. • Atmosphere: very thin, contains H, He, O, Na, Ca, and K. Removed and replenished constantly. • Gravity: 100 pounds on the Earth weighs 37. 8 pounds on Mercury. • Discovered: Known since ancient times. • Distance to sun: 58 million km

Venus:

Venus: • Temperature range: from 850°F to 950°F.

Venus: • Temperature range: from 850°F to 950°F. • Rotation time: 243 Earth days

Venus: • Temperature range: from 850°F to 950°F. • Rotation time: 243 Earth days • Orbit: 225 Earth days

Venus: • Temperature range: from 850°F to 950°F. • Rotation time: 243 Earth days • Orbit: 225 Earth days • Mass: The Earth is 1. 0 times more massive than Venus.

Venus: • Temperature range: from 850°F to 950°F. • Rotation time: 243 Earth days • Orbit: 225 Earth days • Mass: The Earth is 1. 0 times more massive than Venus. • Diameter: 12, 100 km

Venus: • Moons: None

Venus: • Moons: None • Water: yes

Venus: • Moons: None • Water: yes • Atmosphere: Carbon Dioxide (95%), Nitrogen, Sulfuric Acid, and trace elements.

Venus: • Moons: None • Water: yes • Atmosphere: Carbon Dioxide (95%), Nitrogen, Sulfuric Acid, and trace elements. • Gravity: 100 pounds on Earth weighs 90. 7 pounds on Venus.

Venus: • Moons: None • Water: yes • Atmosphere: Carbon Dioxide (95%), Nitrogen, Sulfuric Acid, and trace elements. • Gravity: 100 pounds on Earth weighs 90. 7 pounds on Venus. • Discovered: Known since ancient times.

Venus: • Moons: None • Water: yes • Atmosphere: Carbon Dioxide (95%), Nitrogen, Sulfuric Acid, and trace elements. • Gravity: 100 pounds on Earth weighs 90. 7 pounds on Venus. • Discovered: Known since ancient times. • Distance to sun: 108 million km

Earth:

Earth: • Temperature range: -69°C to 58°C

Earth: • Temperature range: -69°C to 58°C • Rotation time: 24 hours

Earth: • Temperature range: -69°C to 58°C • Rotation time: 24 hours • Orbit: 365. 26 days

Earth: • • Temperature range: -69°C to 58°C Rotation time: 24 hours Orbit: 365. 26 days Mass: 5. 98 X 10 kg

Earth: • • • Temperature range: -69°C to 58°C Rotation time: 24 hours Orbit: 365. 26 days Mass: 5. 98 X 10 kg Diameter: 12, 800 km

Earth: • Moons: one

Earth: • Moons: one • Water: Yes, in all forms.

Earth: • Moons: one • Water: Yes, in all forms. • Atmosphere: Nitrogen (78. 1%, 20. 9% Oxygen and trace amounts of Argon, Carbon Dioxide, Helium, Hydrogen, and Methane.

Earth: • Moons: one • Water: Yes, in all forms. • Atmosphere: Nitrogen (78. 1%, 20. 9% Oxygen and trace amounts of Argon, Carbon Dioxide, Helium, Hydrogen, and Methane. • Distance to sun: 150 million km

Mars:

Mars: • Temperature range: -220°F to 60°F.

Mars: • Temperature range: -220°F to 60°F. • Rotation time: 24 hours 37 minutes.

Mars: • Temperature range: -220°F to 60°F. • Rotation time: 24 hours 37 minutes. • Orbit: 687 Earth days

Mars: • Temperature range: -220°F to 60°F. • Rotation time: 24 hours 37 minutes. • Orbit: 687 Earth days • Mass: The Earth is 9. 3 times more massive than Mars.

Mars: • Temperature range: -220°F to 60°F. • Rotation time: 24 hours 37 minutes. • Orbit: 687 Earth days • Mass: The Earth is 9. 3 times more massive than Mars. • Diameter: 6, 796 km

Mars: • Moons: two (Phobos and Deimos

Mars: • • Moons: two (Phobos and Deimos Water: Two permanent polar ice caps

Mars: • • • Moons: two (Phobos and Deimos Water: Two permanent polar ice caps Atmosphere: Carbon dioxide (95%), , Nitrogen, Argon, Oxygen, and trace water vapor and carbon monoxide.

Mars: • • Moons: two (Phobos and Deimos Water: Two permanent polar ice caps Atmosphere: Carbon dioxide (95%), , Nitrogen, Argon, Oxygen, and trace water vapor and carbon monoxide. Gravity: 100 pounds on the Earth weighs 37. 7 pounds on Mars.

Mars: • • • Moons: two (Phobos and Deimos Water: Two permanent polar ice caps Atmosphere: Carbon dioxide (95%), , Nitrogen, Argon, Oxygen, and trace water vapor and carbon monoxide. Gravity: 100 pounds on the Earth weighs 37. 7 pounds on Mars. Discovered: Known since ancient times.

Mars: • • • Moons: two (Phobos and Deimos Water: Two permanent polar ice caps Atmosphere: Carbon dioxide (95%), , Nitrogen, Argon, Oxygen, and trace water vapor and carbon monoxide. Gravity: 100 pounds on the Earth weighs 37. 7 pounds on Mars. Discovered: Known since ancient times. Distance to sun: 228 million km.

Jupiter:

Jupiter: • Temperature range: -163°C to 121°C.

Jupiter: • Temperature range: -163°C to 121°C. • Rotation time: 9 hours 55 minutes Earth time.

Jupiter: • Temperature range: -163°C to 121°C. • Rotation time: 9 hours 55 minutes Earth time. • Orbit: 12 Earth years

Jupiter: • Temperature range: -163°C to 121°C. • Rotation time: 9 hours 55 minutes Earth time. • Orbit: 12 Earth years • Mass: 318 times more massive than the Earth.

Jupiter: • Temperature range: -163°C to 121°C. • Rotation time: 9 hours 55 minutes Earth time. • Orbit: 12 Earth years • Mass: 318 times more massive than the Earth. • Diameter: 85, 788 miles

Jupiter: • Moons: 63 have been found with Ganymede the largest (bigger than Mercury and Pluto).

Jupiter: • Moons: 63 have been found with Ganymede the largest (bigger than Mercury and Pluto). • Water: yes

Jupiter: • Moons: 63 have been found with Ganymede the largest (bigger than Mercury and Pluto). • Water: yes • Atmosphere: Hydrogen (90%) and Helium (10%).

Jupiter: • Moons: 63 have been found with Ganymede the largest (bigger than Mercury and Pluto). • Water: yes • Atmosphere: Hydrogen (90%) and Helium (10%). • Gravity: 100 pounds on Earth weighs 236. 4 pounds here.

Jupiter: • Moons: 63 have been found with Ganymede the largest (bigger than Mercury and Pluto). • Water: yes • Atmosphere: Hydrogen (90%) and Helium (10%). • Gravity: 100 pounds on Earth weighs 236. 4 pounds here. • Discovered: Known since ancient times.

Jupiter: • • • Moons: 63 have been found with Ganymede the largest (bigger than Mercury and Pluto). Water: yes Atmosphere: Hydrogen (90%) and Helium (10%). Gravity: 100 pounds on Earth weighs 236. 4 pounds here. Discovered: Known since ancient times. Distance to sun: 778 million km

Saturn:

Saturn: • Temperature range: -178°C

Saturn: • Temperature range: -178°C • Rotation time: 10 hours, 40 minutes, and 24 seconds Earth time

Saturn: • Temperature range: -178°C • Rotation time: 10 hours, 40 minutes, and 24 seconds Earth time • Orbit: 29. 5 Earth years

Saturn: • Temperature range: -178°C • Rotation time: 10 hours, 40 minutes, and 24 seconds Earth time • Orbit: 29. 5 Earth years • Mass: 95 times more massive than the Earth.

Saturn: • Temperature range: -178°C • Rotation time: 10 hours, 40 minutes, and 24 seconds Earth time • Orbit: 29. 5 Earth years • Mass: 95 times more massive than the Earth. • Diameter: 120, 660 km (about 10 times larger than the Earth)

Saturn: • Moons: 31 including Titan, Hyperion, Mimas, Rhea, and Phoebe

Saturn: • • Moons: 31 including Titan, Hyperion, Mimas, Rhea, and Phoebe Water: yes

Saturn: • • • Moons: 31 including Titan, Hyperion, Mimas, Rhea, and Phoebe Water: yes Atmosphere: Mostly Hydrogen and Helium with some Methane and ammonia.

Saturn: • • Moons: 31 including Titan, Hyperion, Mimas, Rhea, and Phoebe Water: yes Atmosphere: Mostly Hydrogen and Helium with some Methane and ammonia. Gravity: 100 pounds on Earth weighs 106. 4 pounds on Saturn.

Saturn: • • • Moons: 31 including Titan, Hyperion, Mimas, Rhea, and Phoebe Water: yes Atmosphere: Mostly Hydrogen and Helium with some Methane and ammonia. Gravity: 100 pounds on Earth weighs 106. 4 pounds on Saturn. Discovered: Known since ancient times.

Saturn: • • • Moons: 31 including Titan, Hyperion, Mimas, Rhea, and Phoebe Water: yes Atmosphere: Mostly Hydrogen and Helium with some Methane and ammonia. Gravity: 100 pounds on Earth weighs 106. 4 pounds on Saturn. Discovered: Known since ancient times. Distance to sun: 1429 million km

Uranus:

Uranus: • Temperature range: -197. 15°C

Uranus: • Temperature range: -197. 15°C • Rotation time: 17. 24 hours Earth time (rotates clockwise)

Uranus: • Temperature range: -197. 15°C • Rotation time: 17. 24 hours Earth time (rotates clockwise) • Orbit: 84 Earth years

Uranus: • Temperature range: -197. 15°C • Rotation time: 17. 24 hours Earth time (rotates clockwise) • Orbit: 84 Earth years • Mass: 14. 5 times more massive than the Earth.

Uranus: • Temperature range: -197. 15°C • Rotation time: 17. 24 hours Earth time (rotates clockwise) • Orbit: 84 Earth years • Mass: 14. 5 times more massive than the Earth. • Diameter: 51, 500 km

Uranus: • Moons: 27

Uranus: • Moons: 27 • Water: yes

Uranus: • Moons: 27 • Water: yes • Atmosphere: 83% Hydrogen, 15% Helium, 2% Methane, and trace amounts of water and ammonia.

Uranus: • Moons: 27 • Water: yes • Atmosphere: 83% Hydrogen, 15% Helium, 2% Methane, and trace amounts of water and ammonia. • Gravity: 100 pounds on Earth weighs 88. 9 pounds on Uranus.

Uranus: • Moons: 27 • Water: yes • Atmosphere: 83% Hydrogen, 15% Helium, 2% Methane, and trace amounts of water and ammonia. • Gravity: 100 pounds on Earth weighs 88. 9 pounds on Uranus. • Discovered: Sighted in 1690 but figured out it was a planet in 1781.

Uranus: • • • Moons: 27 Water: yes Atmosphere: 83% Hydrogen, 15% Helium, 2% Methane, and trace amounts of water and ammonia. Gravity: 100 pounds on Earth weighs 88. 9 pounds on Uranus. Discovered: Sighted in 1690 but figured out it was a planet in 1781. Distance to sun: 2871 million km

Neptune:

Neptune: • Temperature range: -220°C

Neptune: • Temperature range: -220°C • Rotation time: 0. 67 Earth days

Neptune: • Temperature range: -220°C • Rotation time: 0. 67 Earth days • Orbit: 164. 8 Earth years

Neptune: • • Temperature range: -220°C Rotation time: 0. 67 Earth days Orbit: 164. 8 Earth years Mass: 17. 15 times more massive than the Earth.

Neptune: • • Temperature range: -220°C Rotation time: 0. 67 Earth days Orbit: 164. 8 Earth years Mass: 17. 15 times more massive than the Earth. • Diameter: 49, 500 km

Neptune: • Moons: 8 known

Neptune: • Moons: 8 known • Water: yes

Neptune: • Moons: 8 known • Water: yes • Atmosphere: 74% Hydrogen, 25% Helium, and 1% Methane

Neptune: • Moons: 8 known • Water: yes • Atmosphere: 74% Hydrogen, 25% Helium, and 1% Methane • Gravity: 100 pounds on Earth weighs 112. 5 pounds on Neptune.

Neptune: • Moons: 8 known • Water: yes • Atmosphere: 74% Hydrogen, 25% Helium, and 1% Methane • Gravity: 100 pounds on Earth weighs 112. 5 pounds on Neptune. • Discovered: Found in 1846.

Neptune: • Moons: 8 known • Water: yes • Atmosphere: 74% Hydrogen, 25% Helium, and 1% Methane • Gravity: 100 pounds on Earth weighs 112. 5 pounds on Neptune. • Discovered: Found in 1846. • Distance to sun: 4504 million km

Pluto:

Pluto: • Temperature range: -233°C

Pluto: • Temperature range: -233°C • Rotation time: 6. 39 Earth days

Pluto: • Temperature range: -233°C • Rotation time: 6. 39 Earth days • Orbit: 248 Earth years.

Pluto: • • Temperature range: -233°C Rotation time: 6. 39 Earth days Orbit: 248 Earth years. Mass: 0. 002 times that of Earth.

Pluto: • • • Temperature range: -233°C Rotation time: 6. 39 Earth days Orbit: 248 Earth years. Mass: 0. 002 times that of Earth. Diameter: 2, 324 km

Pluto: • Moons: One moon called Charon.

Pluto: • Moons: One moon called Charon. • Water: Unknown

Pluto: • Moons: One moon called Charon. • Water: Unknown • Atmosphere: A frozen atmosphere that melts and refreezes.

Pluto: • Moons: One moon called Charon. • Water: Unknown • Atmosphere: A frozen atmosphere that melts and refreezes. • Gravity: 100 pounds on Earth weighs 6. 7 pounds on Pluto.

Pluto: • Moons: One moon called Charon. • Water: Unknown • Atmosphere: A frozen atmosphere that melts and refreezes. • Gravity: 100 pounds on Earth weighs 6. 7 pounds on Pluto. • Discovered: Found in 1930.

Pluto: • Moons: One moon called Charon. • Water: Unknown • Atmosphere: A frozen atmosphere that melts and refreezes. • Gravity: 100 pounds on Earth weighs 6. 7 pounds on Pluto. • Discovered: Found in 1930. • Distance to sun: 5913 million km