SUMO Suggested Upper Merged Ontology An Upper Ontology
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SUMO: Suggested Upper Merged Ontology An Upper Ontology created under IEEE Standard Upper Ontology Working Group. n Maintained and Accessible on web at http: //ontology. teknowledge. com n Provides interface to English words through Word. Net, as well as inference in 5 languages n n 由本計畫協助建構的中文介面即將完成
Upper Ontology vs. Domain Ontology n (Upper) Ontology: 各領域,各典藏通用 的知識架構,是跨領域/跨典藏知識內容交 換與處理的基礎 E. g. SUMO n Domain Ontology: 個別領域特有的知 識結構,E. g. SUMO virus domain ontology
Domain Ontology (Cont. ) The EMELD Domain Ontology of Linguistic Concepts http: //emeld. org/tools/ontology. cfm n http: //emeld. douglass. arizona. edu: 8080/se archindex. html E-MELD: Electronic Metastructure for Endangered Language Data
我們關心的問題之一 語意網將會使用什麼語言? Http: //www. w 3. org/2001/sw Http: //www. Semantic. Web. org Http: //www. sciam. com
hypernym /hypernymy 【上位詞】泛稱詞 / 上位關係 car N HAS_HYPERONYM vehicle N n 佛教 宗教 n 禪宗 佛教 n
troponym/troponymy: 方式詞/方式關係 nmove walk, run, jog n 煮 煎,炒,炸,燉
Involved 涉入 n n n n 19 導致 CAUSES 20 肇因於 IS_CAUSED_BY Example (1): ‘to kill’ and ‘to die’ Example (2): ‘murder’ and ‘death’ 例一:「筆誤」(N)與「錯字」(N) 21 (角色)涉入 ROLE 22 涉入角色_有 INVOLVED 23 施事者_角色 ROLE_AGENT 24 涉入_施事者 INVOLVED_AGENT 25 經歷者_角色 ROLE_PATIENT 26 涉入_經歷者 INVOLVED_PATIENT
Involved 涉入 n n n n 27 具_角色 ROLE_INSTRUMENT 28 涉入_ 具 INVOLVED_INSTRUMENT 29 場所_角色 ROLE_LOCATION 30 涉入_場所 INVOLVED_LOCATION 31 動向_角色 ROLE_DIRECTION 32 涉入_動向 INVOLVED_DIRECTION 33 動向起點_角色 ROLE_SOURCE_DIRECTION 34 涉入_動向起點 INVOLVED_SOURCE_DIRECTION 35 動向終點_角色 ROLE_TARGET_DIRECTION 36 涉入_動向終點 INVOLVED_TARGET_DIRECTION 37 副事件_為 HAS_SUBEVENT 38 副事件_隸屬 IS_SUBEVENT 39 處於_狀況 BE_IN_STATE 40 狀況_隸屬 STATE_OF
Word. Net 1. 5. 詞彙網路 (Princeton的原始英文詞網) Since 1990 www. cogsci. princeton. edu/~wn/ Monolingual: English
Euro. Wor. Net (EWN) 歐語詞網 Since 1996 http: //www. hum. uva. nl/~ewn/ Multilingual: Basque, Catalan, Czech, Dutch, French, English, Estonian, French, German, Italian, Spanish, (Swedish, Norway, Danish, Greek, Portuguese, Romanian, Lithuan, Russian, Bulgarian, Slovenic)
How. Net 知網(董振東的中文知識網路) Since 1999 http: //www. keenage. com Bilingual: EC, CE (pre-set ontology)
Academia Sinica’s Chinese Word. Net Since 2000 n English-Chinese Bilingual (first stage) n 「語言座標」計畫 n http: //corpus. ling. sinica. edu. tw/proj ect/Language. Archive n
兼顧「表相」與「本體」的 知識本體之一 entity存在物 physical實體 object物件 self connected object自聯完整體 content bearing object涵內容體 linguistic expression語言表達方式 text文本 book書
兼顧「表相」與「本體」的 知識本體之二 entity存在物 physical實體 object物件 self connected object自聯完整體 corpuscular object含部件體 artifact人造物 text文本 book書
知識運籌的基底架構 n n n Towards a linguistic infrastructure for KR and KE The Criteria n Lexicon-driven n Mutlilingual n Domain Inter-operable Our Prototype An English-Chinese Bilingual Interface of General and Domain-specific Ontologies http: //ckip. iis. sinica. edu. tw/CKIP/ontology
- Suggested upper merged ontology
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