Summer Seminar 2002 Dr Don Needham USNA 83
- Slides: 46
Summer Seminar 2002 Dr. Don Needham (USNA ’ 83) Computer Science Department U. S. Naval Academy
Admin Notes Restrooms – Next to the elevator Please sign Name and Address Sheet Login Procedures 1. Press <Ctrl>-<Alt>-<Delete> Keys simultaneously 2. User name: sseminar 3. Password: sseminar 4. Log on to: CS-STUDENTS 5. Press Ok Button
Agenda Why Computer Science? USNA Computer Science Department Searching the Web Introduction to HTML
Why Computer Science? Why consider majoring in Computer Science? – A truly marketable degree, potential for growth – Can keep current with CS as a Naval Officer – Job availability (both in and out of the Navy!) – The #1 fastest growing field in the world – 5 of the 6 richest humans in the world in 1999 made their fortunes in computerrelated fields
Why Computer Science? Skills you will learn while earning your degree – Programming skills in languages such as • • • C++ (the #1 industry computer language) Java LISP / Scheme Assembler HTML / XML – Working familiarity with powerful programming tools and environments such as • Microsoft Visual Studio (Visual C++, Visual Basic, Inter. Dev) • Microsoft. NET • J++ Builder. • Linux
Why Computer Science? Skills you will learn while earning your degree (cont. ) – Distributed computing solutions – Networking knowledge ranging from the hardware level to the application level – Experience with 2 -dimensional and 3 dimensional graphics – Programming at the hardware level using assembly to control registers, input and output devices, etc.
Agenda Why Computer Science? USNA Computer Science Department Searching the Web Introduction to HTML
USNA Computer Science Dept USNA Computer Science Department – B. S. in Computer Science – Nationally Accredited by the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) – Fourteen faculty members • Seven Civilian • Seven Military
USNA Computer Science Dept USNA Computer Science Department (cont. ) – Strong Core Curriculum – Opportunities to explore the following areas in depth • Computer Networks • Software Engineering • Artificial Intelligence and Robotics • Computer Architecture • Computer Graphics – For more information, check out our website: • www. cs. usna. edu
USNA CS Majors Recent Activities of USNA CS majors: – Summer Internships • National Security Agency (NSA) • Naval Research Lab (Washington DC) – Information Assurance (Attacked by NSA!) – Beowulf Cluster – Netcentric Warfare (Trident Scholar) – Autonomous Underwater Vehicle competition
AUV Competition Competing against other universities July 31 st Sunny Southern California Goal: To broaden the interest in AUVs and associated technologies by challenging a new generation of engineers to perform realistic missions in the underwater environment
Mission NAVY ‘ 02 BEAT ARMY Camera takes picture and stores barcode in file – the depth of the barcode is also stored UNITED STATES NAVAL ACADEMY USNA Depth Sensor and Altimeter work together to figure out depth of pinger
Basic Control Sensors Desired Course PC 104 + _ Control Algorithm Thrusters Actual Course
USNA’s AUV Entry
SEA TRIALS Watch the AUV in action. . .
Agenda Why Computer Science? USNA Computer Science Department Searching the Web Introduction to HTML
How big is the Web? Conservative estimates place Web at 23 Billion pages of information More liberal estimates place Web near 10 Billion pages of information
How much of the Web is covered?
Search Engines Google (www. google. com) – Uses “Link Popularity” algorithm to rank Web pages – Customizable Toolbar add-on for MS-Internet Explorer Altavista (www. altavista. com) – Includes directory results from Look. Smart – Babelfish translation service Excite (www. excite. com) – Includes directory results from Look. Smart
Search Engines A Web page database system – System Elements • “Spider” or “Robot” – Software program that visits a Web page, records information within the page, and follows embedded links to other pages – Returns to sites on a periodic basis to update Index • Index (Database) – Contains copy of desired Web pages found by the Spider – Contains referencing information based on a set desired criteria to Web pages scanned by the Spider • Search Engine – Finds matches to queries – Ranks Web pages according to implemented algorithm
Search Engine Queries Natural Language Queries – Query looks like a normal question • What is a black hole? • Where can I find information about Navy sports? – Advantage • No difficult syntax to learn – Disadvantages • Imprecise • Many irrelevant results Examples – www. askjeeves. com, www. altavista. com, www. excite. com
Search Engine Queries Pattern Matching – Form query using keyword or group of keywords • Use unique keywords • Avoid keywords that might be in irrelevant documents – Search engine returns any page that “contains” these keywords • • May occur anywhere on the page Within the first 100 words of the page In the title of the page Occur frequently on the page
Improving Search Queries Capitalize proper nouns and names Wildcards – Usually use the “*” character – Help find: • Different forms of a word • Common misspellings • Alternate spellings – Examples: • wish*: Finds wish, wishes, wishful, wishbone • organi*ation: Finds organisation or organization
Improving Search Queries Specify “mandatory” mandatory keywords – To require that a word appears on page, use “+” character • Example: +peanut +origin – To ensure a word does not appear on page, use “-” character • Example: +peanut +origin -snoopy
Improving Search Queries Phrase Matching – Enclose a sequence of words in quotations “phrase” – Examples • “Yosemite camping reservations” • “Ken Griffey”
Improving Search Queries Restricting Search Domains – Domain Searches (e. g. , . org, . com) • Domain: edu (MSN) • host: edu (Alta Vista) • site: edu (Google) – Site Searches • domain: microsft. com (MSN) • host: microsoft. com (Alta Vista) • site: microsoft. com (Google)
Agenda Why Computer Science? USNA Computer Science Department Searching the Web Introduction to HTML
HTML Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) – Set of "markup" symbols or codes (tags) – Inserted in a text file which is intended for display on a Web browser – Tells Web browser how to display a Web page's words and images
Creating HTML Documents Need: – A text editor to create an ASCII file with an extension of. html or. htm (use html for our purposes) • Notepad • Word Processor (save as an ASCII text file) • HTML Editor – A Web browser to test your pages
Getting Started Start Notepad – Do NOT use Word. Pad – Save empty document to • Click File/Save As… • Save in: S: drive • File name: May use any name BUT must append. html after name Start Internet Explorer – Open file created with Notepad • Click File/Open…/Browse… • Select your file – Browser should appear blank
HTML Syntax <TAG attribute 1=”value 1” attribute 2=”value 2”>Item to be attribute 2=”value 2”> formatted</TAG> Number of attributes vary (may be none) Best to put quotes around attribute values Ending or closing tag same as starting tag with “/” in front of the tag name – Not all tags require closing tags Not case sensitive – <HR> and <hr> are both okay
Basic HTML Document Create basic HTML skeleton in Notepad document – Only enter the <tags> <html> <head> head elements </head> <body> body elements </body> </html>
Creating a Title The <title> tag – Goes between <head> and </head> tags – Should provide a concise description of page – Displayed in title bar of browser window – Used as default bookmark description – Can affect how document is indexed by some search engines Example – <title>Text </title> <html> <head> <title>…</title> </head> <body> body elements </body> </html>
Update Web Page View Save Notepad document – Click File/Save Refresh browser – Click View/Refresh – Title text now appears in browser’s Title Bar <html> <head> <title>…</title> </head> <body> body elements </body> </html>
Creating Headings The <h> tag – Six levels of headings (n is a value between 1 and 6) – Goes between <body> and </body> tags – Most prominent <h 1>…</h 1> – Least prominent <h 6>. . . </h 6> <html> <head> <title>…</title> </head> <body> <h 1>…</h 1> <h 4>…</h 4> </body> </html>
HTML Paragraph Formatting Whitespace is ignored in HTML – Carriage Returns – Spaces (more than one) – Tabs – Use it in your HTML code to increase readability In order to break up text use: – Paragraph tag: <p>Text </p> <p> – Break tag:
HTML Paragraph Formatting Centering text – Use <center> tag • Example: – <center>Text </center> <center> – Use ALIGN attribute with heading or paragraph tags • Example: – <p align=“center”>Text </p> align=“center”> – <h 3 align=“center”>Text </h 3> align=“center”>
Colors Two ways of defining colors in HTML – Color Names • May vary from browser to browser – Color Numbering • 216 safe colors • www. usna. edu/Masters/Resources/colors. htm
Setting Defaults <body> tag attributes – Used within the <body> tag – To set the back ground color, use bgcolor • <body bgcolor = “blue”> • <body bgcolor = “ 0000 ff”> – To set the default color for all text, use text • <body text = “red”> • <body text = “ff 0000"> – To set the background as one image, use background • <body background = “usnalogo. gif”> These attributes are deprecated (still used, but being phased out)
Setting Fonts Use <font> tag with desired attribute(s) Font Tag Attributes – Size • Seven sizes (1 - smallest, 7 - largest, 3 - default) • <font size = “ 4”>This is some text</font> – Color • <font color = “blue”>This will be blue</font> – Face • <font face = “arial”> • Use with caution – User must have font installed on their computer This tag is deprecated (still used, but being phased out)
Syntactic-Based Styles Specify how text should appear – – – <b> bold <i> italic <u> underline <tt> teletype (fixed-width font) <sub> subscript <sup> superscript Used in pairs (e. g. , <b>U. S. Naval Academy</b>)
Tables Use <table> tag to help organize information or graphics – Use <tr> tag to define a row • Use one or more <td> within a row to assign contents to a particular column position in a particular row <table> <tr> <td> information </td> </tr> </table>
Including Images Image Tag Attributes – src - URL to retrieve image from – alt - Text to be displayed when moused over (or when using a text browser) – height - expressed in pixels or percentage of browser window – width - expressed in pixels or percentage of browser window Example <img src=“usnalogo. gif” alt=“Naval Academy” height=” 50" width=” 100">
Creating Hyperlinks Anchor Tag – Tag used to place hyperlinks in hypertext documents – Browsers change hyperlink text color & underline Three basic parts of a hyperlink – Beginning and ending anchor tag pair <a>. . . </a> – href (hyperlink reference )attribute • URL of page to be loaded when hyperlink is selected – Text (or graphic) that appears on-screen as the hyperlink Examples – <a href=“http: //www. usna. edu”>U. S. Naval
Resources Tutorials – www. all-html. com, www. htmlgoodies. com – www. ncsa. uiuc. edu/General/Internet/WWW/HTMLPri mer. P 1. html – www. webmonkey. com Free Clipart – www. freegraphics. com – www. clipart. com Free Counters, Guest Books, Chat Rooms – www. freecenter. com – www. thefreesite. com
Summary Computer Science is an exciting, rapidly changing field Computer Science professionals are always in high demand – Many jobs – Top Salaries The USNA Computer Science Department is a top-notch program which will prepare you for an exciting future in today’s technologydriven world
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