summary What is a summary A summary is

概要写作 summary

What is a summary? A summary is a brief statement that give main points of something, not the details 《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》

概要写作步骤： Step 1 定位 Locate the key sentences； Step 2 改写 Rewrite the key sentences in your own words； Step 3 修改 Add some conjunctions and polish your summary.

Read for key points or top Sentences Para. 1 No one knows exactly how the earth bega happened so long ago. However, according to accepted theory, the universe began with a “B that threw matter in all directions. After that, at to form and combine to create stars and other

Tip 2: Key words are often repeated. Find the logic b atmosphere details and summarize it. Para. 2 the earth came into water beingbillion years after the “Big Ban For several earth was still just a cloud of dust. What it was uncertain until between 4. 5 and 3. 8 billion when the dust settled into a solid globe. The e became so violent that it was not clear whethe would last or not. It exploded loudly with fire a They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen

Tip 3: The topic sentence is not necessarily the first s the last one, but it must convey the main idea. Tip 4: Omit省略 detailed information. Para. 3 Water had also appeared on other planets unlike the earth, it had disappeared later. It wa immediately obvious that water was to be fund the development of life. What many scientists that the continued presence of water allowed supporting sentence

How to locate the topic sent u. Focus on repeated words or phrases; u. Notice signal words like “but”, “sad “however”, etc. u. Omit detailed information. u. The topic sentence is not necessarily t

概要写作三步法： Step 1 定位 Locate the essential information； Step 2 改写 Rewrite the information in your own words； Step 3 修改 Add some conjunctions and polish your summary.

Practice: Para. 1 The universe began with a “Big Bang”同 The universe started with/originated bang. Para. 1 The universe began with a “Big Bang”主

Practice: Para. 2 atmosphere The earth came into being water

Practice: Para. 3 It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the develop 同义词替换/句式转化/主语转化 It took some time for water to show the importancein the development of life.

概要写作三步法： Step 1 定位 Locate the essential information； Step 2 改写 Rewrite the information in your own words； Step 3 修改 Add some conjunctions and polish your summary.

The universe started with/originated bang. Long after the appearance of universe The earth came into being with atm water on its surfaces. However

One possible version The universe started with a big bang. Long a appearance of it, the earth came into being with atm water on its surfaces. However, It took some time f show the importance in the development of life.

practice

• 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60 词左右的内容概要。 Para. 1 We shouldn’t judge a person by their appearance but we do. In fact, the exp meet someone for the first time we make a decision about what that person is like what do we look at? One of the most important things is clothes, but it isn't the people wear that is important. The important thing is to wear the right clothes for Para. 2 Schools have always understood this and a lot of them ask their students to w A lot of teachers think a uniform makes students feel that they are part of their uniform helps them to be serious about their studies. Teachers say that uniforms c too. If all the students wear uniforms, they can't judge each other because of their arguments about who or what is fashionable. Para. 3 However, it is not only schools that want people to dress in a certain way. W about what the people in a certain profession should wear. If we visit a doc respectable clothes under the doctor’s white coat. When we go into a bank we ex suits or dresses. Police officers wear uniforms to deter crime by establishing a vis patrol, to make themselves easily identifiable to non-police officers or their co assistance, and to quickly identify each other at crime scenes for ease of coordin companies have dress codes for their staff because they know that the custome

Read for Key Points Para. 1 We shouldn’t judge a person by their appeara In fact, the experts say that when we meet someo time we make a decision about what that person seconds. But what do we look at? One of the m things is clothes, but it isn't the brand of cloth wear that is important. The important thing is to ______________ clothes for the occasion. _______________________________________________________________________

Read for Key Points Para. 2 Schools ______ have always understood this and a l their students to wear a uniform. Why? A lot of __________________________ a uniform makes students feel that they are 1. _______________ school and that their uniform________________ helps them to be their studies. Teachers say that uniforms can benefits 2. _______________ ways too. If all the students wear uniforms, 3. th__ each other because of their clothes. It also avo

Read for Key Points Para. 3 However, it is not only schools that want peop _______________________________ certain way. We all have fixed ideas about what _________ certain profession should wear. If we visit a doctor, w ______________ ___ respectable clothes under the doctor’s white coat. Wh bank we expect the staff to wear suits or dresses. Poli uniforms to deter crime by establishing a visible pre patrol, to make themselves easily identifiable to non-p their colleagues who require assistance, and to quick _______________________________________

Read for Key Points Para. 4 But can our clothes really tell people w like? ____________________________________ Maybe not, but they can show our attit we are doing at the moment. When people s ____________________ right clothes, they think we are serious about ______________________ doing. Furthermore, if_____________________ we are clean, smart people will have confidence in us. ____________________

List the Key Points Para. Key points 1 It is important to wear the right clothes for th 2 Schools ask their students to wear a uniform. W 3 However, it is not only schools that want peop certain way. We all have fixed ideas about wha certain profession should wear …a doctor…a b officers …a lot of companies …

Examples of restating the key points Key point 1 restate The important thing is to wear the occasion. ①Wearing right clothes for occasi ②Since judging a person by their a unavoidable, wearing proper clothe occasions is more than vital. ③Clothes should be worn suitably

Examples of restating the key points Key point 2 Schools ask their students to uniform. Why? … restate • ①Students are required to w for various benefits. • ②Teachers think uniforms can m serious about their study seriousl arguments.

Examples of restating the key points Key point 3 restate However, it is not only schools that wa in a certain way. We all have fixed idea people in a certain profession should w bank …Police officers …a lot of compa ① Different professions should dre in certain ways. ② Different jobs need different clo customers' expectations.

Examples of restating the key points Key point 4 Right clothes can show our attitude th about what we are doing. . Furthermor confidence in us. restate ① Proper clothes can present our at being serious and confident. ② Suitable clothes can show others serious and confident. ③ Suitable clothes can make other

After writing: • Use proper conjunctions(连接词） to passage.

使用合适的连接词 • Introduction: The passage/article focuses on/mainly • 表转折：but, however, though, although • 表并列、递进：as well as, in addition to, not only. . . bu what’s more, furthermore, . . . • 表对比：meanwhile, on the other hand, on the contra • 表列举：firstly/secondly/finally/. . . • 表原因：because (of) , due to, on account of, . . . ; for…

Sample： The article mainly tells us wearing proper cloth for people’s first impressions. (要点 1) For examp require students to wear uniforms for various be Besides schools, other places, like hospitals, ban stations and some companies also want their staf uniforms properly. (要点 3) In conclusion, our cl