SUMMARY PARAPHRASE QUOTATION n What do summaries paraphrases

SUMMARY, PARAPHRASE, & QUOTATION n What do summaries, paraphrases, and quotes allow writers to do? n These are the 3 ways of incorporating other writers' ideas into your own writing.

SUMMARY, PARAPHRASE, & QUOTATION n How do summaries, paraphrases, and quotes differ from one another? n They differ according to the similarity of your writing to the source writing. n They differ according to the level of specificity in communicating the ideas of the source writing.

SUMMARY, PARAPHRASE, & QUOTATION n A Summary: n n n The most general of the three techniques. A general restatement of the main idea of a passage. Requires that you clearly understand the original passage so you keep its meaning (don’t distort) Uses your original wording and sentence structure otherwise, it’s plagiarism. Is much shorter in length than the original. Requires a parenthetical citation - otherwise, it’s plagiarism. n A parenthetical citation consists of the author’s last name and the page number(s) of the borrowed material in parentheses. For example: (Smith 12).

SUMMARY, PARAPHRASE, & QUOTATION n A Paraphrase: n n n Is more specific than a summary, but more general than a quotation Is a precise restatement of a short passage - usually no more than a sentence or two. Requires that you clearly understand the original passage so you do not distort its meaning. Uses your original wording and sentence structure otherwise, it’s plagiarism. Is usually very close to the same length as the original passage. Requires a parenthetical citation - otherwise, it’s plagiarism.

SUMMARY, PARAPHRASE, & QUOTATION n A Quotation: Is the most specific of the three techniques, but should be used the least. n Is identical to the original - word for word n Should rarely stand by itself as a complete sentence (known as a “floating quote”). Instead, try to integrate each quote into a portion of your writing. n Requires a parenthetical citation - otherwise, it’s plagiarism. n

Why should students summarize or paraphrase before quoting? n n Using your own words/language is easier to integrate into your writing. Style Word choice Sentence structure Condensing material for brevity and/or clarity.

When to Summarize n n To condense a lengthy passage to just important points. When you want to state the source’s main ideas simply and briefly in your words. When comparing/contrasting ideas from different sources. Provide readers w/ an understanding of source argument before responding or stating your own.

Summary Practice The Rabbit was once boasting of his speed before the other animals. "I have never yet been beaten, " said he, "when I put forth my full speed. I challenge any one here to race with me. " The Tortoise said quietly, "I accept your challenge. " "That is a good joke, " said the Hare. "I could dance round you all the way. " "Keep your boasting till you've won, " answered the Tortoise. "Shall we race? " So a course was fixed and a start was made. The Rabbit darted almost out of sight at once, but soon stopped and, to show his contempt for the Tortoise, lay down to have a nap. The Tortoise plodded on and plodded on, and when the Rabbit awoke from his nap, he saw the Tortoise just near the winning-post and could not run up in time to save the race. Then said the Tortoise: “Slow and steady wins the race. "

6 Steps to Effective Summarizing/Paraphrasing 1. Read and reread the original passage until you understand its full meaning. 2. Take notes on the most essential elements of the passage - the main claim, supporting claims, evidence, explanations, etc. 3. Set the original aside, then write your summary/paraphrase on another sheet of paper.

6 Steps Continued… 4. Check your version with the original to make sure that your summary/paraphrase accurately expresses all the essential information in a new form. This takes time to master; don’t worry if you have trouble changing the original language into your own language. 5. If you use any unique terms or phrases from the original source, use quotation marks to identify them and include an internal citation. 6. Record the source (pg #, author, title, etc. ) so that you can credit it easily if you decide to incorporate the material into your paper