Summary of Reference Pages In Text Citations Attention

Summary of Reference Pages, In Text Citations, Attention Getters, and Conclusions. • See www. teamtoefl. weebly. com for individual presentations on these topics.

Write a Reference Page/Bibliography in APA Style What is it? It’s a bibliographpy in APA format.

What you will need: APA generally cites author, date, page title, site title, available page numbers, and a URL or DOI number. * (DOI Example: 10. 1000/182 ) *Frequently one or more of these elements are not available.

GENERAL FORMAT Author. (Year [use n. d. if not given]). Article or page title. Larger Publication Title or Website Name, volume or issue number. Retrieved from http: //url address PAGE FROM WEBSITE Shiva, V. (2006, February). Bioethics: A third world issue. Nativeweb. Retrieved from http: //www. nativeweb. org/pages/legal/shiva. html PAGE FROM WEBSITE WITH UNKNOWN AUTHOR Media giants. (2001). Frontline: The Merchants of Cool. Retrieved from http: //www. pbs. org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/cool/giants/

Example of a reference page, correctly formatted. See the example on www. teamtoefl. weebly. com for the full version.

In Text Citations What is it? Using information from the reference page, you must mention the source within the paragraph. http: //writingcenter. waldenu. edu/11. htm https: //ilrb. cf. ac. uk/citingreferences/apaactiv 1/index. h tml

The Three Main Elements • 1. Author • 2. Publication year • 3. Page or paragraph number, which is only required for direct quotations

Three basic formats: • In the sentence: According to Kokkinos (2007), employers cause burnout when employees are stressed by too much work. • Parenthetically: Employers cause burnout when employees are stressed by too much work (Kokkinos, 2007). • Quotations: The page or paragraph number is also included parenthetically: Kokkinos (2007) described burnout as "a negative affective response occurring as result of chronic work stress" (p. 2).

More formats…. • Please refer to the Word document: “APA in text citations master guide” in your manual or on Weebly for more specific formats including multiple authors, electronic sources, author unknown, etc.

Common formats Basic format for a summary or a paraphrase • Yanovski and Yanovski (2002) explained that sibutramine suppresses appetite by blocking the reuptake of the neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain (p. 594). • Sibutramine suppresses appetite by blocking the reuptake of the neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain (Yanovski & Yanovski, 2002, p. 594).

Electronic source General When possible, cite electronic sources, including online sources, as you would any other source, giving the author and the year. Unknown author If no author is named, mention the title of the source in the signal phrase or give the first word or two of the title in the parentheses The body’s basal metabolic rate, or BMR, is a measure of its at-rest Atkinson (2001) found that energy requirement (“Exercise, ” children who spent at least 2003). four hours a day watching TV were less likely to engage in Unknown date When the date is unknown, use the adequate physical activity abbreviation “n. d. ” (for “no date”). during the week. Attempts to establish a definitive link between television programming and children’s eating habits have been problematic (Magnus, n. d. ).

In text citation when there is no author for a web page. Notice that when there is no author for a web page, the title moves to the first position of the reference entry: Example from the reference page: New child vaccine gets funding boost. (2001). Retrieved March 21, 2001, from http: //news. ninemsn. com. au/health/story_1317 8. asp How this appears as an in text citation: ("New Child Vaccine, " 2001).

Quotations APA ordinarily requires page numbers for quotations…. When an electronic source lacks stable numbered pages, include paragraph numbers or headings to help readers locate the particular passage being cited. If the source contains headings, cite the appropriate heading in parentheses; you may also indicate the paragraph under the heading that you are referring to. Hoppin and Taveras (2004) pointed out that several other medications were classified by the Drug Enforcement Administration as having the “potential for abuse. ” (Weight-Loss Drugs section, para. 6).

Suggestions for Attention Getters (The Hook) What is it? It’s the first part of your introduction.

See the pdf file on teamtoefl. weebly. com entitled: Writing Effective Introductions and check the following examples of techniques for writing an attention getter: • • • Provide relevant background information Use a startling remark or statistic Use a quotation Define an important term Opening with a paradox Challenging a widely held assumption or opinion

Writing Conclusions for Argumentative/Persuasive Papers http: //www. essaycapital. com/blog/research-paper-writingguide/argumentative-research-paper-9/ http: //www. ehow. com/how_6449319_write-conclusion-argumentativeessay. html http: //www. uhv. edu/ac/research/write/pdf/draftconclusion. pdf

Four parts of a good conclusion: • 1. Use signal words to indicate the reader that he has reached the end and refer back to the “attentiongetter” if possible. • 2. Restate your main points. • 3. Then restate thesis statement with some variation in the language in the next to last line. • 4. End the conclusion with: A. “Call to action” B. “Note of finality, ” or C. “Drawing an inference. “ (Based on your analysis, what can be inferred. In other words, make an analysis of your results) • NOTES: No new points are mentioned. The conclusion should be short --six lines maximum.

Signal Words for Conclusions • finally, for these reasons, in a word, in brief, in conclusion, in drawing to a close, indeed, in general, in other words, in retrospect, in short, in summary, on the whole, or briefly, such being the case, to conclude, to recapitulate, to repeat, to summarize, to sum up • AVOID: “in summary, ” “to summarize, ” “in conclusion, ” and “to conclude” • http: //www. uhv. edu/ac/research/write/pdf/draftconclusion. pdf

Example of Call to Action (last line) • As this report has shown, pollution is a cost of production, not a moral evil. When we understand that we cannot outlaw pollution and come to view pollution as merely a cost of human activity, we can begin to devise creative environmental policies. This essay charges that the public choice model can be used in environmental policy making. From here, we challenge the Environment Oversight Committee to use the choice model to reduce the negative effects of the externality of pollution. • http: //www. uhv. edu/ac/research/write/pdf/draftconclusion. pdf

Possible vocabulary for “Call to Action. ” • • • we need to our job is to it is our responsibility to we can it is important to in order to…, we must… we are capable of it would be to our advantage to in so doing…

Example of “Note of Finality. ” (last line) • No matter how you look at it, there’s really no valid reason not to spay or neuter your pet. Whether you consider the potential suffering of unborn animals, the health and comfort of your own pet, or your own convenience as a pet owner, you must agree that the facts all show that spaying or neutering is the way to go. It’s not only the convenient choice, but also the morally right choice, and one that all pet owners should make. • http: //spot. pcc. edu/~dramirez/Great. Essays/argumentessay. html

Example of “Drawing an inference” (last line) • Vacation starvation is affecting a large percentage of American workers. The typical American worker allows little time for uninterrupted rest and relaxation. The one -day per month vacation day is often booked with family responsibilities instead of the leisure and rejuvenation that a 10 day or more family vacation would provide. The alarm clock is ringing loud and clear, but no one is paying attention. Today, most Americans are saving their relaxation time for retirement -- and then finding out it is too late in their lives to be of much use. • http: //www. uhv. edu/ac/research/write/pdf/draftconclusion. pdf