Summary and discussion YSLME RSC 2 Sinjae Yoo

Summary and discussion YSLME RSC 2 Sinjae Yoo and Mingyuan Zhu 2/24 -26/2010 Xiamen

• Review of SAP • Review of presentations in light of SAP – What are the new findings? – New priority issues – Demonstration projects • Future Directions in the 2 nd phase – How to incorporate new ideas

Fish catch Overfishing pollution Habitat modification aquaculture Provisioning services Genetic resources Primary and secondary production Supporting services Maintenance of biodiversity recreation Cultural services Nutrient cycling Water Quality regulation Unhealthy Aquaculture Regulating services Disease control Climate change Figure 2 biofuels tourism Climate control

ECC Reduction in fishing rate Provisioning Rebuilding depleted fish stocks Improvements in mariculture tech. Meeting Conventions on Pollution Regulating Reduction in contaminants loading Reduction in polluting beaches Reduction in littering Cultural Endangered/ endemic spp. Maintain current habitats Supporting Reduce risks from introduced spp. Prediction of ecosystem changes Figure 3

YSLME SAP • Eleven management targets – Technical management actions – Governance actions – Indicators of management actions • Economic Justification and Assessment • Improving governance – Institutional actions: creation of the YSLME Commission – Actions to improve effectiveness of legal instruments – Stakeholders’ wide participation

Timeline • 2009. 11. SAP approved and co-signed by DPRK, PRC, and ROK. • 2010. 6. Proposal for 2 nd phase project will be submitted to GEF • 2011. If approved, initiation workshop will be held to make the work plan for the 2 nd phase (2011 -2014)

Review of presentation in light of SAP

Overall picture • Impacts of global change on marine ecosystem (Su) • A changing ecosystem: the Yellow Sea (Sun)

Target 1： 25 -30% reduction in fishing effort • Management Actions 1 -1: Control fishing boat numbers - Effectiveness of fishing boat buyback programs on Korean Yellow Sea stock status (Park) • Management Action 1 -2: Stop fishing in certain areas/ seasons • Management Action 1 -3: Monitor and assess stock fluctuations - Recent status of fisheries resources and ecosystem caused by overfishing in the Yellow Sea (Lee) - Fishery resources, fishery, and future prospect for the Yellow Sea ecosystem (Shan) - A study of physical environment impacts on anchovy population dynamics in the Yellow Sea by individual-based model (Wang)

Target 2：Rebuilding of overexploited fish stocks • Management Action 2 -1: Increase mesh size • Management Action 2 -2: Enhance stocks • Management Action 2 -3: Improve fisheries management - An integrated ecosystem-based approach for assessing and forecasting impacts of fisheries(Zhang)

Target 3: Improvement of mariculture techniques to reduce environmental stress • Management Action 3 -1: Develop environmentfriendly mariculture methods and Technology • Development of integrated multi-trophic aquaculture in Sanggou Bay (Fang) • Super-intensive shrimp culture using no-water exchange (Jang) • Management Action 3 -2: Reduce nutrient discharge • Management Action 3 -3: Control diseases effectively

Target 4. Meeting international requirements on contaminants • Management Action 4 -1: Conduct intensive monitoring and assessment - Monitoring and assessment of atmospheric loads in the Yellow Sea (Yao) - Monitoring and estimation of land-based nutrient loads in the Yellow Sea region: Methodology and case study (Zhang) • Management Action 4 -2: Control contaminants discharge with reference to Codex alimentarius and Stockholm Convention • Management Action 4 -3: Implementing MARPOL 1973/78 effectively

Target 5. Reduction of total loading of nutrients from 2006 levels • Management Action 5 -1: Control total loading from point sources • Management Action 5 -2: Control total loading from non-point sources and seabased Sources • Management Action 5 -3: Apply new approaches for nutrient treatment - Degradation pathway of pyrene in Novosphingobium pentaromativorans US 6 -1: Potential for bioremediation of PAHs contaminated environment (Luo)

Target 6. Reduced standing stock of marine litter from current level • Management Action 6 -1: Control source of litters and solid wastes • Management Action 6 -2: Improve removal of marine litter • Management Action 6 -3: Increase public awareness of marine litter

Target 7. Reduce contaminants, particularly in bathing beaches and other marine recreational waters, to nationally acceptable levels • Management Action 7 -1: Conduct regular monitoring, assessment and information dissemination particularly in bathing beaches and other recreational Waters - Status and trend of coastal recreational waters in Qingdao (Zhang) • Management Action 7 -2: Control pollution in bathing beaches and other marine recreational waters

Target 8: Better understanding and prediction of ecosystem changes for adaptive management • Management action 8 -1: Assess and monitor the impacts of N/P/Si ratio change - Assessing the impacts of N: P: Si ratio change on the Yellow Sea ecosystem (Fu) - Satellite observation of 10 years eutrophication of Yellow Sea (Ishizaka) - Assessment of eutrophication status in Toyama Bay based on the “Procedures for assessment of eutrophication status including evaluation of land based sources of nutrients for the NOWPAP region“ (Terauchi) - Benthic indicators of eutrophication in the Yellow Sea (Zhang)

• - Management action 8 -2: Assess and monitor the impacts of climate change Recent warming in the Yellow and East China Sea during the boreal winter (Yeh) Recent warm climate change is good for Yellow Sea ecosystem (Hahn) - Marine biodiversity response to climate change: cases in China (Wen) 8 -1 and 8 -2 - Estimating primary production of the Yellow Sea (Yoo) - Assessment on phytoplankton quantity in the coastal area by using remote sensing data (Ri) - The grazing pressure of dominant copepods on phytoplankton and microbial food web in Gyeonggi Bay, the Yellow Sea (Choi)

Target 8: Better understanding and prediction of ecosystem changes for adaptive management (continued) • Management action 8 -3: Forecast ecosystem changes in the long-term scale – Model study on impacts of wave-mixing to vertical distribution and time variation of phytoplankton in South Yellow Sea (Liu) – Summer upwelling in the Yellow Sea: The dynamics and ecological implications (Lü) • Management action 8 -4: Monitor the transboundary impact of jellyfish blooms - Quantitative monitoring trial of Giant Jellyfish, Nemopilema nomurai, in Yellow Sea (Lee) • Management action 8 -5: Monitor HAB occurrences

Target 9: Maintenance and improvement of current populations/distributions and genetic diversity of the living organisms including endangered and endemic species • Management Action 9 -1: Establish and implement regional conservation plan to preserve biodiversity - One step at a time: Overcoming challenges to conservation in the Yellow Sea (Moores)

Target 10: Maintenance of habitats according to standards and regulations of 2007 • - Management Action 10 -1: Develop regional guidelines for coastal habitat Management Coastal and estuarine habitat loss and gain – repercussions for economic and ecological goods and services (Elliott) Protection and management of ecosystem in Korean West Bay (Song) Changes in sociocultural condition and tidal flat in R. Korea (Kim) Improving biodiversity conservation in Ganghwa tidal mud flat, Korea (Park) - Landscape changes during 1970 -2007 in Yancheng Biosphere Reserve, Jiangsu Province, China: Implications for biodiversity conservation(Zuo) • • • Management Action 10 -2: Establish network of MPAs Management Action 10 -3: Control new coastal reclamation Management Action 10 -4: Promote public awareness of the benefits of biodiversity conservation

Target 11: Reduction of the risk of introduced species • Management Action 11 -1: Control and monitor ballast water discharge • Management Action 11 -2: Introduce precautionary approach and strict control of introduction of nonnative species

Economic assessment - Estimating the benefits of improving environmental quality in the Ganghwa tidal flat (Endo) - Cost-benefit analysis of integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (Zhu)

Governance - Institutionalizing current efforts through YSLME Commission (Chung) - Legal improvements in fisheries saw under the context of YSLME (Yu)

Stakeholder participation - Stakeholder capacity and participation in ecosystem recovery of Masan Bay (Lee) - Requirements for widening partnership for ecosystem-based management of the Yellow Sea - With special focus on the roles and needs of the NGOs (Tobai) - One step at a time: Overcoming challenges to conservation in the Yellow Sea (Moores)

New findings and ideas • Continue developing new management tools • Better outreaching • More community-based approach • Systematization of indicators • Scientific understanding – Circulation pattern – Longterm records of eutrophication – Remote sensing local algorithms – How much of CRD enters YS?

Needs improvements in • Fisheries data

Lessons from demo projects • Problems and obstacles • Suggestions for implementing SAP