SUMMARIZING QUOTING AND PARAPHRASING WRITING ABOUT RESEARCH SUMMARIZING

SUMMARIZING, QUOTING, AND PARAPHRASING: WRITING ABOUT RESEARCH

SUMMARIZING When summarizing an article, be sure to: • Explain the general argument of the article • Discuss the author’s main concerns By summarizing before diving into specifics, you can connect the article as a whole to the purpose of your paper

WHAT’S A QUOTE? WHAT’S A PARAPHRASE? Quote: • repeat somebody's exact words, “in quotation marks” • to refer to something as an example (in support of an argument) Paraphrase: • a restatement of the meaning of a text or passage using other words

WHEN TO USE: QUOTING You should use direct quotes from a source: §to show that an authority supports or refutes your point §to present relevant material related to your topic §to include certain language (shared language, too) from the article or text you are referencing.

WAYS TO INTRODUCE A QUOTE Templates (Ch. 3 of TSIS): 46 -47 • According to X, “_____” (page #). • In X’s view, “______” (page #). Templates for explaining quote: • X’s point is that _____. • In other words, X believes that ____.

Use some of these verbs for introducing summaries or quotations: • Making a claim: argue, assert, believe, claim, emphasize, insist • Expressing agreement: acknowledge, admire, agree, support • Questioning or Disagreeing: complain, contradict, question, reject • Making recommendations: advocate, call for, encourage, recommend

EXAMPLE OF QUOTING Seuss explains, “Be who you are and say what you feel, because those who mind don't matter, and those who matter don't mind” (23). The article explains the importance of selfexpression: “Be who you are and say what you feel, because those who mind don't matter, and those who matter don't mind” (Seuss 23).

WHEN TO USE: PARAPHRASING You should paraphrase when: §what you want to use the idea expressed, and not the specific language used to express it §you have a long quote and it would be too blocky/awkward to quote the whole thing

WHAT IS NOT A CORRECT PARAPHRASE? A paraphrase is considered plagiarism if you: §Only change the words. §Only change the structure of the sentence. §Do not cite “shared language” §Do not cite the text

HOW DO YOU PARAPHRASE CORRECTLY? • Put the text/quote in YOUR own words §Think of someone who is unfamiliar with the source. How would you explain the quote? • AND, cite the words you paraphrased

AN EXAMPLE OF PARAPHRASING Seuss explains, “Be who you are and say what you feel, because those who mind don't matter, and those who matter don't mind” (23). Since a person’s close friends are typically not judgmental, one should feel comfortable expressing their true feelings around their friends (Seuss 23).

BLENDING QUOTE WITH OWN WORDS To maintain a sense of self-confidence, it is important to “say what you feel” and remember that “those who matter don’t mind” if one’s ideas are radically different from their own (Seuss 23).

SETTING UP THE “I SAY” • Disagree and explain why (60) • “By focusing on ____, X overlooks the deeper problems of _____. ” • “I disagree with X’s view that _______, because, as recent research has shown, ______. ”

• Agree, but with a difference (62) • “X’s idea of ______ is extremely useful because it sheds light on the difficult problem of _____. ” • “I agree that ______ because my experience ______ confirms this as well. This is because _______. ”

• Agree and disagree simultaneously (65) • “Although I agree with X up to a point, I do not agree on their assumption that ___. ” • “While I disagree with much of what X says, I do find their conclusion of ______ to be valuable. ”

“THEY SAY” FROM “I SAY” • “My view of ____ is contrary to what X has argued. ” • “Adding to X’s argument, I would point out that _______. ” • “According to both X and Y, _____. ” • “The evidence shows that _______. ” • “These conclusions, which X discusses in _____, add weight to the argument that _____. ”